Spectroscopic Advances in Organolithium Reactivity: The Contribution of Rapid‐Injection NMR (RINMR)

Kinetic studies are a suitable tool to disclose the role of tiny reagent fractions. The title compound 2 reacted in a kinetic reaction order of 0.5 (square root of its concentration) with an excess of the electrophiles ClSiMe, 1-bromobutane (n-BuBr), or 1-iodobutane (n-BuI) at 32 °C in EtO or in hydrocarbon solvents. This revealed that the tiny (NMR-invisible) amount of a deaggregated equilibrium component (presumably monomeric 2) was the reactive species, whereas the disolvated dimer 2 was only indirectly involved as a supply depot. Selectivity data (relative rate constants κ) were collected from competition experiments with the faster reactions of 2 in THF and the addition reactions of 2 to carbonyl compounds. This provided the rate sequences of EtC═O > dicyclopropyl ketone > t-Bu-C(═O)-Ph > diisopropyl ketone ≫ t-BuC═O > ClSiMe > n-BuI > n-BuBr ≈ (bromomethyl)cyclopropane (but t-BuC═O < ClSiMe in THF only) and also of cyclopropanecarbaldehyde > acetone ≥ t-Bu-CH═O. It is suggested that a deceivingly depressed selectivity (1 < κ < k/k), caused by inefficient microscopic mixing of a reagent X with two competing substrates A and B, may become evident toward zero deviation from the correlation line of the usual inverse (1/T) linear temperature dependence of ln κ.

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Spectroscopic Advances in Organolithium Reactivity: The Contribution of Rapid‐Injection NMR (RINMR)

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References 98 publications

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