Spectroscopic analysis of bones for forensic studies

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy as a potential tool for autocarbonization detection in laserosteotomy

“…This result is in line with results described in literature. [30][31][32][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44] Note that the collected spectra may include emission lines of the elements found in the ambient air. Interestingly, the higher concentration of carbon in carbonized samples was not only observed in the average intensity of pure carbon emission line (13.77 for carbonized samples as compared with 3.15 for normal samples) but also in the carbon-related molecular emissions of the C 2 (10.12 for carbonized samples as compared with 4.38 for normal samples).…”

“…Although it has been reported that the type of nutrition and also age may influence the elemental composition of the tissues, this will not significantly influence the differentiation performance in this study because only the most prominent emission lines were considered for classification. 33,39 However, the differentiation performance could be improved by considering the average of multiple spectra for the analysis, but using multiple spectra in a real-time application is time-consuming both for collection and also data analysis. Moreover, it should be considered that using multiple spectra is a trade-off between the damage caused during the collection/calculation time and the increase in differentiation accuracy.…”

Sample treatment and preparation for laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

“…This subject is very rich in terms of applications, in part because of the diverse nature of biological specimens, which range from solid or -quasi‖ solid matrices (e.g., teeth, bones, sea shells) to soft tissue materials (e.g., plants, organs, human skin, vegetables) to liquids (e.g., blood, urine, semen). With the exception of a few specific types of specimens [87][88][89] or applications [90][91][92], sample preparation is generally a necessary step for biological applications for several reasons. First, biological materials are generally less -tough‖ in their texture than minerals or metals and a matrix transformation can be employed to improve the laser-ablation efficiency and, therefore, the LIBS signal to noise ratio.…”

Exploiting Self-Absorption for Plasma Characterization in Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Experiments: A Comparison of Two Recent Approaches

“…The laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technique is a promising laser-based analytical technique in which the laser performs both the sampling of the material, through the process of laser ablation, and its excitation. , LIBS analysis can be performed without pretreatment of the sample and remotely; these characteristics, joined to the short time needed to acquire the signal (typically in the microsecond range), motivated the use of LIBS for in situ analysis in many different applications, including environmental diagnostics, − industrial process monitoring, − space exploration, , and cultural heritage and archaeology. , The LIBS technique has also been proposed as a laboratory analytical technique for biomedical applications − and forensic analysis − and, in general, for the characterization of materials. − …”