Spectroscopic Features of Cancer Cells: FTIR Spectroscopy as a Tool for Early Diagnosis

Abstract

Globally, cancer is one of the leading causes of death, is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and so the development of strategies for an early diagnosis of cancer is of great importance. Since Biochemical alterations precede morphological changes in cells and tissues, so studying cancer metabolome seems like a reasonable approach for early diagnosis, prognosis and to follow treatment progression. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is a valuable tool for studying the metabolome of biological samples, such as cancer cell lines. Unlike staining procedures and other histopathologic approaches, this technique is rapid, non-destructive and does not require reagents. The spectral differences that result from probing the biochemical composition of cancer and normal cells are indicative of distinct metabolic profiles, which allows for allow the discrimination of different cells. Using FTIR spectroscopy and multivariate statistical analysis, several alterations concerning the content of lipids, proteins, nucleic acids and carbohydrates have been identified in cancer cells, some of which can be regarded as potential biomarkers. This review focuses on FTIR spectroscopy as a metabolomics tool to study and characterize cancer cell lines.

Hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives effect on hypercholesterolemia, comparison with ezetimibe: Permeability assays and FTIR spectroscopy on Caco-2 ​cell line

“…The bands in the spectra at 965, 1081 and 1240 ​cm −1 are well-known DNA bands. The band near 965 ​cm −1 is originated from a C–C/C–O stretching vibration involving the characteristic deoxyribose and phosphate moiety of the DNA backbone whereas the bands at 1025 and 1154 ​cm −1 that is indicative of glycogen ( Fale et al., 2015 ; Santos et al., 2018 ).…”

Metabolic Profile Characterization of Different Thyroid Nodules Using FTIR Spectroscopy: A Review

“…Associated with these spectra regions, important with regard to the analysis of biological samples, are the main biomolecules that make up these samples: lipids (3000−2800 cm −1 ); proteins (1800−1300 cm −1 ), which can further differentiate into two specific bands, namely, amide I (1700−1600 cm −1 ), the most used in these analyzes, and amide II (~1540 cm −1 ), both quite sensitive to the secondary structure of proteins; phospholipids (~1740 cm −1 ); amino acid side chains and fatty acids (1480−1300 cm −1 ); and carbohydrates and phosphates associated with nucleic acids (1300−900 cm −1 ) [93]. Any change that occurs in the frequency (increase or decrease) or in these spectroscopic bands (shape or intensity) may be indicative of cellular changes in the analyzed sample [84,93].…”

Different ion mobility‐mass spectrometry coupling techniques to promote metabolomics

“…Many analytical techniques are currently used in metabolomic studies. They include nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (Smolinska et al, 2012), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) (Santos et al, 2018) and MS, in particular, hyphenated instruments combining MS with: capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) (Ramautar et al, 2017), LC (Haggarty & Burgess, 2017), GC (Haggarty & Burgess, 2017) or supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) (Shulaev & Isaac, 2018) as well as direct injection mass spectrometry (DIMS) (Habchi et al, 2016). Multidimensional separation techniques such as GC× GC/MS or LC× LC/MS have also been applied for the comprehensive analysis of the metabolome (Haggarty & Burgess, 2017; Higgins Keppler et al, 2018; Lv et al, 2019).…”