Spectroscopic Observation of Heavy Oil Luminous Flames in an Industrial Regenerative Furnace

Shimada, T.; Akiyama, Toshikazu; Furushima, S.; Kitagawa, Kuniyuki; Arai, Norio; Konishi, N.; Itoh, Shuzo; Terabayashi, Toyohiro; Ohkubo, Yasuo; Gupta, Ashwani K.

doi:10.2514/1.9843

Cited by 3 publications

References 5 publications

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NO_xEmission and Mitigation Technologies

Vascellari

2015

Handbook of Clean Energy Systems

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NO x are one of the most important pollutants produced during combustion of fossil fuels. Emissions of NO x from combustion systems are primarily in the form of nitric oxides (NO). They are generally produced from the oxidation of the nitrogen contained in the atmospheric air or by the oxidation of the nitrogen‐bounded compounds in the fuel. NO is the main compound produced from the combustion; however, once it has been released in the atmosphere, it rapidly reacts producing NO 2 , which is more stable than NO. For this reason, NO 2 are generally regulated as representative NO x compound. In general, NO x are toxic, they also react to form smog and acid rain, and they play a central role in the formation of ozone in the troposphere. In addition, NO x , is a major greenhouse gas. This article reviews the mechanisms that govern the formation of NO x emissions from fossil fuels combustion and the main transformations in the atmosphere. Thermal, prompt, and fuel NO x mechanisms are presented. Finally, the modern technologies for mitigating the NO x emissions from power systems are presented, divided as precombustion, combustion modifications, and postcombustion techniques.

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NO_xEmission and Mitigation Technologies

Vascellari

2015

Handbook of Clean Energy Systems

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Time-Resolved Temperature Profiling of Flames With Highly Preheated/Low Oxygen Concentration Air in an Industrial Size Furnace

Shimada

Akiyama

Fukushima

et al. 2004

Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power

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A high-speed video camera was combined with a newly developed optical system to measure time resolved two-dimensional (2D) temperature distribution in flames. This diagnostics has been applied to measure the temperature distribution in an industrial size regenerative test furnace facility using highly preheated combustion air and heavy fuel oil. The 2D distributions of continuum emission from soot particles in these flames have been simultaneously measured at two discrete wave bands at 125 frames/sec. This allowed us to determine the temperature from each image on the basis of two-color 2D thermometry, in which the ratio of the 2D emission intensity distribution at various spatial position in the flame was converted into the respective 2D temperature distribution with much higher spatial resolution as compared to that obtainable with thermocouples. This diagnostic method was applied to both premixed and diffusion flames with highly preheated low oxygen concentration combustion air using heavy fuel oil. The results show that higher temperature regions exist continuously in the premixed flame as compared to the diffusion flame. This provided clear indication of higher NO emission from the premixed flame as compared to diffusion flames during the combustion of heavy fuel oil under high-temperature air combustion conditions. This observation is contrary to that obtained with normal temperature combustion air wherein diffusion flames result in higher NOx emission levels.

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High-Temperature Air Combustion Phenomena and Its Thermodynamics

Rafidi

Blasiak

Gupta

2008

Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power

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The fundamentals and thermodynamic analysis of high-temperature air combustion (HiTAC) technology is presented. The HiTAC is characterized by high temperature of combustion air having low oxygen concentration. This study provides a theoretical analysis of HiTAC process from the thermodynamic point of view. The results demonstrate the possibilities of reducing thermodynamic irreversibility of combustion by considering an oxygen-deficient combustion process that utilizes both gas and heat recirculations. HiTAC conditions reduce irreversibility. Furthermore, combustion with the use of oxygen (in place of air) is also analyzed. The results showed that a system, which utilizes oxygen as an oxidizer, results in higher first and second law efficiencies as compared to the case with air as the oxidizer. The entropy generation for an adiabatic combustion process is reduced by more than 60% due to the effect of either preheating or oxygen enrichment. This study is aimed at providing technical guidance to further improve efficiency of a combustion process, which shows very small temperature increases due to mild chemical reactions.

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Spectroscopic Observation of Heavy Oil Luminous Flames in an Industrial Regenerative Furnace

Cited by 3 publications

References 5 publications

NO_xEmission and Mitigation Technologies

NO_xEmission and Mitigation Technologies

Time-Resolved Temperature Profiling of Flames With Highly Preheated/Low Oxygen Concentration Air in an Industrial Size Furnace

High-Temperature Air Combustion Phenomena and Its Thermodynamics

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Spectroscopic Observation of Heavy Oil Luminous Flames in an Industrial Regenerative Furnace

Cited by 3 publications

References 5 publications

NOxEmission and Mitigation Technologies

NOxEmission and Mitigation Technologies

Time-Resolved Temperature Profiling of Flames With Highly Preheated/Low Oxygen Concentration Air in an Industrial Size Furnace

High-Temperature Air Combustion Phenomena and Its Thermodynamics

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Product

Resources

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NO_xEmission and Mitigation Technologies

NO_xEmission and Mitigation Technologies