Spectroscopic study of Alizarin Red S binding with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide at low concentrations

Abstract

The anthraquinoid dye, Alizarin Red S, forms an anionic moiety in aqueous solution. The complex formation of this dye was studied with the cationic surfactant, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, in an aqueous environment at low surfactant concentrations. The complex was studied with the help of ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy. A method of continuous variation was applied to confirm the complex formation and showed that a 1:1 complex was evident from the experimental results. The equilibrium constant for the formation of the complex was determined at various temperatures. Different thermodynamic parameters, free energy of binding, enthalpy of binding and entropy of binding were calculated.

Spectral-luminescent properties of pH-sensitive azo fluorophore in complexes with quaternary ammonium disinfectants

“…Since EHDAB has greater hydrophobic character as compared to CTAB, the former incorporated higher number of AHABA molecules as compared to the latter ( Table 2). The values of n for AHABA are comparable with literature values reported for some anionic molecule partition to cationic micelles [39][40][41][42][43][44]47].…”

“…To locate the active sites for electrophilic and nucleophilic attack, the relative polarity and reactivity of AHABA molecule/ion were estimated by molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) and frontier molecular orbital (FMO) energy calculations, since MEP and FMO are handy tools to evaluate the structure-reactivity relationship and chemical stability of the molecules [34][35][36][37][38]. Moreover, to get site-specific affinity and biophysical insight into the molecular distribution of AHABA in colloidal fluid, the spectral behavior of this active azo moiety in association with Quats was analyzed by using excitation and emission spectroscopic measurements given that the ionic surfactants have a profound effect on the spectral behavior of numerous organic molecules [39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47].…”

Thermodynamic and Spectroscopic Investigation of Interactions between Reactive Red 223 and Reactive Orange 122 Anionic Dyes and Cetyltrimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB) Cationic Surfactant in Aqueous Solution

“…The study of dye/surfactant interaction is the source of useful information to understand several industrial processes, for example, solubilization processes to remove the organic compounds from aqueous solution and the use of surfactants to assist dying processes in textile industry [ 1 ]. The efficient removal of loosely bound dyes from the substrate via solubilization and the adsorption and fixation of dyes on a substrate highly depend on the strength of binding between dyes and the host as well as the extent of dye solubilization in the surfactant containing solution [ 2 ].…”

A fluorescence method for the determination of venlafaxine hydrochloride

“…Alizarin red, an anthraquinone compound, contains electron-withdrawing carbonyl groups and has a planar structure with conjugated p bonds, hence is electron-decient. 29 Thus, charge transfer can occur with an electron donor. When venlafaxine hydrochloride was added to the solution, hydrochloric acid was neutralized in this near neutral solution, and then venlafaxine, containing a nitrogen group which has a lone electron pair, could behave as an electron donor.…”