Spectroscopic study of prompt-gamma emission for range verification in proton therapy

Kelleter, Laurent; Wrońska, A.; Besuglow, Judith; Konefał, Adam; Laihem, K.; Leidner, Johannes; Magiera, A.; Parodi, Katia; Rusiecka, K.; Stahl, A.; Tessonnier, Thomas

doi:10.1016/j.ejmp.2017.01.003

Cited by 47 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Shape analysis of the profiles suggests that the contribution from the 16 O(p, Xγ 4.44 MeV ) 12 C is overestimated in TALYS, the model also does not account for anisotropy in angular distribution of gamma emission. Similar comparison using available literature data for relevant cross sections as input shows better agreement (for details, see [5] and references therein). However, literature data are not available in full range covered by the experiment.…”

Section: Data Analysis and Resultssupporting

confidence: 53%

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Experimental Verification of Key Cross Sections for Prompt-gamma Imaging in Proton Therapy

Wrońska¹,

Ahmed²,

Andres³

et al. 2017

Acta Phys. Pol. B

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We present experimental investigation of cross sections for processes crucial in view of prompt-gamma imaging. The prompt-gamma rays were produced from an interaction of a proton beam with different phantom materials composed of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen. The used target setup allowed precise selection of the investigated depth in the phantom. We studied details of the dependence of prompt-gamma yields on beam energy, detection angle and elemental composition of irradiated phantom. The analysis was focused on the discrete transitions with the largest cross sections: 4.44 MeV in 12 C and 6.13 MeV in 16 O. The results are presented in form of profiles of the prompt-gamma yield as a function of depth. They are compared to calculations including different cross-section models. Obtained results are in agreement with the model exploiting cross-section data collected from the literature, but the comparison with the TALYS model shows discrepancies. In the latest experiment, special attention was paid to the shape of the distal fall-off. The width of that fall-off is directly linked to the resolution of prompt-gamma based methods of range verification. Preliminary results on the beam-energy dependence of this quantity are presented.

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Section: Data Analysis and Resultssupporting

confidence: 53%

“…The prompt-gamma depth profiles were determined for three phantom materials and two detection angles. The experiment was described in detail in [5]. The second experiment was performed recently at the Cyclotron Centre Bronowice (CCB) in Kraków and focused on studying the effects related to the change of beam energy.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Verification of Key Cross Sections for Prompt-gamma Imaging in Proton Therapy

Wrońska¹,

Ahmed²,

Andres³

et al. 2017

Acta Phys. Pol. B

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“…In this paper, we present a clinical scenario where protons, helium and carbon ions irradiate not only samples of water plus sugar solutions with high oxygen concentration, but also tissue surrogate inserts with lower oxygen concentration and variable calcium concentrations. Conversely to previous works 32, [44][45][46] , we used CeBr 3 detectors www.nature.com/scientificreports www.nature.com/scientificreports/ instead of HPGe detectors. These detectors are at the moment more prepared for clinical conditions than HPGe detectors, both for the online range verification 42,43,47 and the determination of the target elemental compositions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PIBS: Proton and ion beam spectroscopy for in vivo measurements of oxygen, carbon, and calcium concentrations in the human body

Martins

Bello

Ackermann

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Proton and ion beam therapy has proven to benefit tumour control with lower side-effects, mostly in paediatrics. Here we demonstrate a feasible technique for proton and ion beam spectroscopy (PIBS) capable of determining the elemental compositions of the irradiated tissues during particle therapy. This follows the developments in prompt gamma imaging for online range verification and the inheritance from prompt gamma neutron activation analysis. Samples of water solutions were prepared to emulate varying oxygen and carbon concentrations. the irradiation of those samples and other tissue surrogate inserts by protons and ion beams under clinical conditions clearly showed a logarithmic relationship between the target elemental composition and the prompt gamma production. This finding is in line with the known logarithmic dependence of the pH with the proton molar concentration. Elemental concentration changes of 1% for calcium and 2% for oxygen in adipose, brain, breast, liver, muscle and bone-related tissue surrogates were clearly identified. Real-time in vivo measurements of oxygen, carbon and calcium concentrations will be evaluated in a pre-clinical and clinical environment. This technique should have an important impact in the assessment of tumour hypoxia over the course of several treatment fractions and the tracking of calcifications in brain metastases. The analysis of the elemental compositions of the human body by means of irradiated particles was first described by Anderson et al. in 1964 1,2. That technique was coined as in vivo neutron activation analysis 1. That breakthrough gave rise to the measurements of total body hydrogen 3,4 , carbon 5 , nitrogen 6 , calcium and sodium 7,8 , and localized measurements of chlorine 9 and cadmium 6,10. The activated elements were identified because of their decay at different rates or because they emitted gamma-rays of different energy 1. The latter was further developed and nominated as prompt gamma in vivo neutron analysis (PGIVNA or IVNAA). The evaluation of total body protein by IVNAA 11 had a major impact in intensive care patients 12 , thus saving several billions of dollars annually round the World 13. A comprehensive review of in vivo experimental methods to determine the composition of the human body has been carried out by Sutcliffe 14 and Ellis & Eastman 15. The IVNAA relied either on high energy resolution germanium detectors (HPGe) for tracking calcium, cadmium and chlorine or by thick sodium iodide NaI(Tl) detectors for determining total body hydrogen and nitrogen. This technique was developed close to nuclear reactors, particle accelerators or radioisotope neutron sources. Many facilities, such as the ones at Birmingham 16 and Brookhaven 4,17 , were fully designed with the purpose of studying the prompt activation for the spectroscopy of neutron activated elements. More recently, new techniques have emerged for the detection of heavier elements in human organs 18-20. However, neutron therapy, although popular in the 70 s and 80 s, still offers low mar...

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“…Among the various emission lines listed above, we targeted 4.4 MeV gamma rays for future on-line monitoring in proton therapy. Note that the 1-D profile of 4.4 MeV gamma rays along the proton beam is reported by several other groups mainly by using a slit collimator 11,14,16 , but no experimental results on 2-D images have been reported so far, particularly using a Compton camera. For precision measurement of a 4.4 MeV gamma ray image and its detailed comparison with the energy deposited by protons, we developed 3-D PSCC that features the 1−10 MeV range.…”

Section: Precision Imaging Of 44 Mev Gamma Raysmentioning

confidence: 96%

Precision imaging of 4.4 MeV gamma rays using a 3-D position sensitive Compton camera

Koide

Kataoka

Masuda

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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Imaging of nuclear gamma-ray lines in the 1–10 MeV range is far from being established in both medical and physical applications. In proton therapy, 4.4 MeV gamma rays are emitted from the excited nucleus of either 12C* or 11B* and are considered good indicators of dose delivery and/or range verification. Further, in gamma-ray astronomy, 4.4 MeV gamma rays are produced by cosmic ray interactions in the interstellar medium, and can thus be used to probe nucleothynthesis in the universe. In this paper, we present a high-precision image of 4.4 MeV gamma rays taken by newly developed 3-D position sensitive Compton camera (3D-PSCC). To mimic the situation in proton therapy, we first irradiated water, PMMA and Ca(OH)2 with a 70 MeV proton beam, then we identified various nuclear lines with the HPGe detector. The 4.4 MeV gamma rays constitute a broad peak, including single and double escape peaks. Thus, by setting an energy window of 3D-PSCC from 3 to 5 MeV, we show that a gamma ray image sharply concentrates near the Bragg peak, as expected from the minimum energy threshold and sharp peak profile in the cross section of 12C(p,p)12C*.

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Spectroscopic study of prompt-gamma emission for range verification in proton therapy

Cited by 47 publications

References 38 publications

Experimental Verification of Key Cross Sections for Prompt-gamma Imaging in Proton Therapy

Experimental Verification of Key Cross Sections for Prompt-gamma Imaging in Proton Therapy

PIBS: Proton and ion beam spectroscopy for in vivo measurements of oxygen, carbon, and calcium concentrations in the human body

Precision imaging of 4.4 MeV gamma rays using a 3-D position sensitive Compton camera

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