Spectrum-aware wireless sensor networks

Abstract

Abstract-Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are one of the enabling technologies for the Internet of Things. Due to the restricted capability of sensor, the performance of WSN is sensitive to interference from nearby wireless devices utilizing the same band. The channel hopping technique is adopted by IEEE 802.15.4e standard to mitigate such adverse effect. In this paper we propose the Adaptive Time-slotted Channel Hopping (A-TSCH) framework which augments standard IEEE 802.15.4e channel hopping with mechanisms for learning the spectral condition and blacklisting. Complete design and implementation are provided, followed by analysis of experimental results. We discover that A-TSCH improves the packet delivery in the presence of interference from co-located devices, leading to substantially enhanced reliability of WSN based on IEEE 802.15.4e.

Adaptive and Beacon-based multi-channel protocol for Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks

“…The experiments described in (Gürsu et al, 2016;Du and Roussos, 2013) indicated that with the use of a single channel, the communication performance may be higher than using a channel hopping strategy, with a larger set of channels. However, the channel to be used must be properly chosen, and different channels need to be used in different parts of the network due to the spatial variations in channel quality.…”

“…In Tavakoli et al (2018) an enhancement of the TSCH protocol is described, to include dynamic configuration of the blacklist. Different from the work described in (Du and Roussos, 2013), idle spaces inside the time-slots are used to estimate the quality of the channels, avoid-ing the use of dedicated time-slots for this purpose. However, as in (Du and Roussos, 2013), only interference problems are considered, and an overhead is imposed on the end-nodes, to identify interference sources hidden from the coordinator.…”

“…Different from the work described in (Du and Roussos, 2013), idle spaces inside the time-slots are used to estimate the quality of the channels, avoid-ing the use of dedicated time-slots for this purpose. However, as in (Du and Roussos, 2013), only interference problems are considered, and an overhead is imposed on the end-nodes, to identify interference sources hidden from the coordinator. In addition, it is considered that the coordinator can communicate directly with all nodes of the network, which is not realistic for many industrial deployments.…”

“…The communication duration is divided into four time segments, where three of them are dedicated to the ACD mechanism, which incurs in a high overhead. The solution described in (Serizawa et al, 2017) has the same limitations of the solution described in (Du and Roussos, 2013;Tavakoli et al, 2018), since only interference problems are considered. Besides, many time-slots are dedicated to the ACD mechanism, which increase the overhead of the protocol and the latency of the network.…”

“…The IEEE 802.15.4e standard also defines the use of blacklisting, in which the list of channels considered in the channel hopping mechanism can be reduced. In (Du and Roussos, 2013;Gürsu et al, 2016) it was observed that the larger the size of the blacklist, the better the communication performance. However, this occurs only if an adequate monitoring of the quality of the channels is performed, to properly configure the blacklist.…”