Speculations on Vascular Changes With Age

Goldman, Ronald L.

doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1970.tb02829.x

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 38 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Such activities depend on the integrated efforts of the lungs, heart, and circulation to deliver oxygen to metabolically active muscles [36]. In adults over the age of 35 years, maximum oxygen uptake (V · O2max), the most reliable indicator of endurance performance and cardiovascular fitness, declines at a rate of 0.5-1.0% annually [37,38]. This diminution may be reduced with physical activity and is increased in sedentary people; it was shown to be less than 0.1% in master athletes [39].…”

Section: Requirements Of Aerobic Performance In Elderly Mountaineersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endurance performance of the elderly mountaineer: Requirements, limitations, testing, and training

Burtscher

2004

Wien Klin Wochenschr

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Life expectancy has markedly increased during recent decades, resulting in a growing number of older individuals. Many of these elderly are turning to mountain sports activities in search of fun and new challenges. Although the scientific community has taken broad interest in the ageing process and how it affects physical and mental performance, little attention has focused on the elderly mountaineer. Mountain sports demand a relatively high degree of physical fitness and, because fitness and health decline with age, the risk of injury and death during mountain sports will increase. However, little information is available on fitness requirements for elderly mountaineers. This article mainly focuses on such requirements, and on performance limitations, assessment of individual performance, and training recommendations. A normal ascent rate of 300 meters per hour (up to 3500 m) requires an altitude-dependent relative oxygen consumption of 18-22 ml x min(-1) x kg(-1) or an ergometric performance of 1.2-1.5 watt x kg(-1) below the individual anaerobic threshold. Mild cardiopulmonary and musculoskeletal diseases are not contraindications for mountain sports activities, provided the proposed fitness requirements are attained. A regular exercise-training program under medical and sports expert advice will help the elderly to achieve these fitness standards, enjoy the mountain environment, and prevent injuries and fatalities.

show abstract

Section: Requirements Of Aerobic Performance In Elderly Mountaineersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endurance performance of the elderly mountaineer: Requirements, limitations, testing, and training

Burtscher

2004

Wien Klin Wochenschr

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Though specific binding studies have not been conducted in elderly patients, the observation that plasma albumin decreases with increasing age (44, 45) implies that the amount of bound drug would be reduced with age. With regard to peripheral blood flow, it has been demonstrated that a depressed cardiac output in older patients is redistributed in favor of the cerebral and coronary circulations at the expense of flow to the kidney and liver (30, 46).…”

Section: Drug Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacodynamic Principles of Drug Therapy in the Aged*

Bender¹

1974

J American Geriatrics Society

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The geriatric patient responds differently to some drugs than does the younger adult, and consequently certain precautions should be taken when prescribing a therapeutic regimen for the elderly. Increasing age is accompanied by functional changes in many of the systems that control the way a drug is metabolized and the response that it evokes. Apparently it is these changes which underlie the modified effect seen clinically in geriatric patients. Age tends to reduce and delay the absorption of substances from the gastrointestinal tract, impair and delay drug clearance and excretion by the kidneys, and reduce the rate of enzyme destruction. The plasma half‐life of penicillin, digoxin, antipyrine, or phenylbutazone is extended significantly in the aged so that higher circulating concentrations are maintained for longer periods. Other age‐related changes influence the effect of a drug once it has combined with its receptor. These include an altered number of receptor sites, a decrease in the transmitter content of affected tissues, an increase in the rigidity of responsive tissues, and an overall decline in homeostatic capability.

show abstract

“…The primary intra-or extracellular source of calcium for the contractile response appears to depend on the contractile agonist [Hiraoka et al, 1968;Hudgins and Weiss, 1968;Greenberg et al, 1973]. Since multiple vascular changes [Goldman, 1970] occur with age, the possibility exists that the source of calcium required for vas cular contraction may also vary with age.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vascular Contraction: Effect of Age and Extracellular Calcium

Cohen¹,

Berkowitz²

1976

J Vasc Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Contractile responses to norepinephrine, serotonin and potassium chloride were determined in vitro for aortas from rats 1, 2, 3 and 12 months of age. Responses were measured under conditions of optimum length (3 cm) and resting tension (1 g). Aortic response to a maximum concentration of norepinephrine was greatest for vessels from 3-month-old rats. For all three agonists, aortas from 12-month-old rats contracted less than aortas from 2-month-old rats. The role of calcium in aortic contraction also varied with age. For rats 1–2 months of age, serotonin and potassium chloride-induced contractions were highly dependent on extracellular calcium, while norepinephrine-induced contraction showed only a slight dependence on extracellular calcium. In 12-month-old rats, all agonists were dependent on extracellular calcium for contraction. For serotonin and norepinephrine, the ability of muscle to contract in calcium-free media was decreased with age. Although the mechanism for such an altered dependence of aortic contraction on calcium has not been established, it is proposed that the utilization of extracellular calcium for contraction is not only agonist- but also age-dependent.

show abstract

Speculations on Vascular Changes With Age

Cited by 15 publications

References 38 publications

Endurance performance of the elderly mountaineer: Requirements, limitations, testing, and training

Endurance performance of the elderly mountaineer: Requirements, limitations, testing, and training

Pharmacodynamic Principles of Drug Therapy in the Aged*

Vascular Contraction: Effect of Age and Extracellular Calcium

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About