Speech and language delay in children: Prevalence and risk factors

Abstract

Context: Intelligible speech and language is a useful marker for the child's overall development and intellect. Timely identification of delay by primary care physicians can allow early intervention and reduce disability. Data from India on this subject is limited. Aims: To study the prevalence and risk factors of speech-language delay among children aged 1-12 years. Settings and Design: A cross sectional study was conducted at the Pediatric outpatient department of a teaching hospital. Materials and Methods: Eighty four children (42 children with delayed speech and 42 controls) aged 1-12 years were included. The guardians of these children were requested to answer a questionnaire. History of the child's morbidity pattern and the risk factors for speech delay were recorded. The child's developmental milestones were assessed. Statistical Analysis Used: Data entry was analyzed using SPSS software, version 16. Standard statistical tests were used. A p value of less than 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results: Speech and Language delay was found in 42 out of 1658 children who attended the OPD. The risk factors found to be significant were seizure disorder ( P =< 0.001)), birth asphyxia ( P =0.019), oro-pharyngeal deformity ( P =0.012), multilingual family environment ( P =< 0.001), family history ( P =0.013), low paternal education ( P =0.008), low maternal education ( P =< 0.001), consanguinity ( P =< 0.001) and inadequate stimulation ( P =< 0.001). Conclusions: The prevalence of speech and language delay was 2.53%. and the medical risk factors were birth asphyxia, seizure disorder and oro-pharyngeal deformity. The familial causes were low parental education, consanguinity, positive family history, multilingual environment and inadequate stimulation.

Analisis Pola Asuh Orang Tua terhadap Keterlambatan Bicara pada Anak Usia Dini

“…Usia 2,5 tahun sampai 5 tahun adalah usia paling puncak dan cepat dalam perkembangan bahasa dibandingkan dengan anak balita (Joni, 2015). Keterampilan bahasa pada anak dianggap sebagai tolak ukur normalnya berkembangan anak (Sunderajan & Kanhere, 2019). Kemampuan anak untuk memperoleh kosakata sangat penting dalam mendukung perkembangan bahasa secara menyeluruh.…”

A Research on Developmental Characteristics of Children With Language Delay in Zhejiang Province, China

“…It can be seen that the younger the age is, the higher proportion the pure abnormal language expression is. However, after the age of two, the possibility of abnormal language expression combining with other problems peaks, and it is more likely to be complicated with other developmental disorders (17). All of these suggest that both families and hospitals should understand the development characteristics of children with language delay in different age groups and correctly establish an awareness of prevention, so that we can detect children with language delay in the early stage, and do a comprehensive intervention to avoid delaying treatment (12,18,19).…”

Addressing Language Development Barriers: A Pedagogical Approach for Young Children With Speech Delay

“…Oral devices for human consist of lips, tongue, vocal cords, and any related to produce sounds of language verbal expression (Caruso & Strand, 1999). A speech delay refers to the condition when a child's speech is not accordance with children's development, signed by speech sound patterns (Shriberg, Austin, Lewis, McSweeny, & Wilson, 1997;Sunderajan & Kanhere, 2019). If a child suffers from a speech delay, he or she may talk or speak in one or a phrase to communicate or express the idea, but it is difficult to understand.…”

“…Additionally, untreated speech delay may cause poor reading and speaking skills, behavior problems, and may influencesocial adjustment (Shetty, 2012). Some studies on speech delay (Hauner, Shriberg, Kwiatkowski, & Allen, 2005;McLaughlin, 2011;Sunderajan & Kanhere, 2019;Tsuraya et al, 2013) have been conducted but none of them specifically investigated on its pedagogical approaches such as the one done by (Hutami & Samsidar, 2018), which focused on repetition, grammar, and pronunciation.…”

“…The speech delay can be a problem since it affects children's social and emotional development (Fitriyani, Sumantri, & Supena, 2019;Ward, 1999), communication (Hutami & Samsidar, 2018), and even achievement after an intensive intervention (Stern, Connell, Lee, & Greenwood, 1995). With those effects, families tend to pay less attention to speech delay experienced by some children since it is traditionally considered prevalent and not an urgent matter, so they tend to watch and wait in determining the intervention to give (Sunderajan & Kanhere, 2019). The parents who have children with speech delay even only have a low level of anxiety toward their children's condition (Tsuraya, Deliana, & Hendriyani, 2013).…”