Speed discrimination under stabilized and normal viewing conditions

Heidenreich, Susan M.; Turano, Kathleen A.

doi:10.1016/0042-6989(95)00270-7

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Others have also reported thresholds of around a 20–25% change in speed for acceleration discrimination [43,44]. Even the values reported in these studies of a 20–25% change in speed as a threshold for acceleration discrimination is considerably higher than thresholds found for speed discrimination, which can be as small as a 5–7% difference in speed [10–12,15,18,19]. Despite the reported differences in acceleration thresholds, the literature suggests that acceleration discrimination is relatively difficult.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Speed change discrimination for motion in depth using constant world and retinal speeds

2019

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Motion at constant speed in the world maps into retinal motion very differently for lateral motion and motion in depth. The former is close to linear, for the latter, constant speed objects accelerate on the retina as they approach. Motion in depth is frequently studied using speeds that are constant on the retina, and are thus not consistent with real-world constant motion. Our aim here was to test whether this matters: are we more sensitive to real-world motion? We measured speed change discrimination for objects undergoing accelerating retinal motion in depth (consistent with constant real-world speed), and constant retinal motion in depth (consistent with real-world deceleration). Our stimuli contained both looming and binocular disparity cues to motion in depth. We used a speed change discrimination task to obtain thresholds for conditions with and without binocular and looming motion in depth cues. We found that speed change discrimination thresholds were similar for accelerating retinal speed and constant retinal speed and were notably poor compared to classic speed discrimination thresholds. We conclude that the ecologically valid retinal acceleration in our stimuli neither helps, nor hinders, our ability to make judgements in a speed change discrimination task.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…For lateral motion, the major cue used to determine speed is the retinal speed of motion. Speed discrimination has been studied extensively for 2D lateral motion, and within an optimal range of speeds, people can discriminate between speeds that are only 5–7% different [10–15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Speed change discrimination for motion in depth using constant world and retinal speeds

2019

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“…Looming is thought to play a role in judging the speed of objects moving towards us. Speed discrimination thresholds for looming stimuli can be as low as 5% [8], similar to those for 2D motion [12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. By comparison, speed discrimination thresholds when using binocular cues to motion in depth are often much higher than that reported for looming and for 2D motion stimuli, indicating poorer performance [1,2,5,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Three-Dimensional Motion Perception: Comparing Speed and Speed Change Discrimination for Looming Stimuli

Lee

Ales

Harris

2020

Vision

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Judging the speed of objects moving in three dimensions is important in our everyday lives because we interact with objects in a three-dimensional world. However, speed perception has been seldom studied for motion in depth, particularly when using monocular cues such as looming. Here, we compared speed discrimination, and speed change discrimination, for looming stimuli, in order to better understand what visual information is used for these tasks. For the speed discrimination task, we manipulated the distance and duration information available, in order to investigate if participants were specifically using speed information. For speed change discrimination, total distance and duration were held constant; hence, they could not be used to successfully perform that task. For the speed change discrimination task, our data were consistent with observers not responding specifically to speed changes within an interval. Instead, they may have used alternative, arguably less optimal, strategies to complete the task. Evidence suggested that participants used a variety of cues to complete the speed discrimination task, not always solely relying on speed. Further, our data suggested that participants may have switched between cues on a trial to trial basis. We conclude that speed changes in looming stimuli were not used in a speed change discrimination task, and that naïve participants may not always exclusively use speed for speed discrimination.

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“…Speed discrimination for looming can be as sensitive as that for 2D motion, and is superior to that using other 3D motion cues. Speed discrimination thresholds for looming stimuli can be as low as 5% (Sekuler, 1992) similar to those for 2D motion (de Bruyn & Orban, 1988; Heidenreich & Turano, 1996; McKee, 1981; McKee, Silverman, & Nakayama, 1986; McKee & Welch, 1985; Orban, de Wolf, & Maes, 1984; Snowden & Braddick, 1991). By comparison, speed discrimination thresholds when using binocular cues to motion in depth are often much higher than that reported for looming and for 2D motion stimuli (Brooks & Stone, 2004, 2006, Harris & Watamaniuk, 1995, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Three-dimensional motion perception: comparing speed and speed change discrimination for looming stimuli

Lee

Ales

Harris

2020

Preprint

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13Judging the speed of objects moving in three dimensions is important in our everyday lives, 14 because we interact with objects in a three-dimensional world. However, speed perception 15 has been seldom studied for motion in depth, particularly when using monocular cues such as 16 looming. Here, we compared speed discrimination, and speed change discrimination, for 17 looming stimuli, to better understand what visual information is used for these tasks. For the 18 speed discrimination task, we manipulated the distance and duration information available, to 19 investigate if participants were specifically using speed information. For speed change 20 discrimination, total distance and duration were held constant, hence they could not be used 21 to successfully perform that task. We found speed change discrimination thresholds were 22 consistently higher than those for speed discrimination. Evidence suggested that participants 23 used a variety of cues to complete the speed discrimination task, not always solely relying on 24 speed. Further, our data suggested that participants may switch between cues on a trial to trial 25 basis. We conclude that speed change discrimination for looming is more difficult than speed 26 discrimination, and that naïve participants may not always exclusively use speed for speed 27 discrimination. 28 29 30Perceiving the speed of objects moving towards us in the world is important in our daily 31 lives, for example when safely crossing a road. Of particular importance is the ability to 32 judge the speed, and speed changes, of objects approaching in three dimensions. There are 33 both monocular and binocular sources of visual information we can use to judge these 34 movements. Speed discrimination using binocular cues to motion in depth has been well 35

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Speed discrimination under stabilized and normal viewing conditions

Cited by 15 publications

References 23 publications

Speed change discrimination for motion in depth using constant world and retinal speeds

Speed change discrimination for motion in depth using constant world and retinal speeds

Three-Dimensional Motion Perception: Comparing Speed and Speed Change Discrimination for Looming Stimuli

Three-dimensional motion perception: comparing speed and speed change discrimination for looming stimuli

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