Three-Dimensional Motion Perception: Comparing Speed and Speed Change Discrimination for Looming Stimuli

Lee, Abigail; Ales, Justin; Harris, Julie M.

doi:10.3390/vision4030033

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The good precision of duration discrimination that we found depended presumably on the opportunistic use of multiple cues 40 , 41 . In theory, our participants could respond by using estimates of the initial distance of the target, height of the parabola vertex, and/or target speed, in addition to the estimate of motion duration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Perceptual judgments of duration of parabolic motions

Jörges

Scaleia

López‐Moliner

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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In a 2-alternative forced-choice protocol, observers judged the duration of ball motions shown on an immersive virtual-reality display as approaching in the sagittal plane along parabolic trajectories compatible with Earth gravity effects. In different trials, the ball shifted along the parabolas with one of three different laws of motion: constant tangential velocity, constant vertical velocity, or gravitational acceleration. Only the latter motion was fully consistent with Newton’s laws in the Earth gravitational field, whereas the motions with constant velocity profiles obeyed the spatio-temporal constraint of parabolic paths dictated by gravity but violated the kinematic constraints. We found that the discrimination of duration was accurate and precise for all types of motions, but the discrimination for the trajectories at constant tangential velocity was slightly but significantly more precise than that for the trajectories at gravitational acceleration or constant vertical velocity. The results are compatible with a heuristic internal representation of gravity effects that can be engaged when viewing projectiles shifting along parabolic paths compatible with Earth gravity, irrespective of the specific kinematics. Opportunistic use of a moving frame attached to the target may favour visual tracking of targets with constant tangential velocity, accounting for the slightly superior duration discrimination.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Perceptual judgments of duration of parabolic motions

Jörges

Scaleia

López‐Moliner

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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“…These observations are not identical to our results. Lee and colleagues (2020) have also demonstrated that the speed change in looming stimuli is not used for speed change discrimination [19]. Therefore, in this study, the looming cue is not necessarily imperative for visual target speed perception.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 73%

The effect of real-world and retinal motion on speed perception for motion in depth

Yoshimura

Kizuka²,

Ono³

2023

PLoS ONE

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For motion in depth, even if the target moves at a constant speed in the real-world (physically), it would appear to be moving with acceleration on the retina. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether real-world and retinal motion affect speed perception in depth and to verify the influence of eye movements on both motion signals in judging speed in depth. We used a two-alternative forced-choice paradigm with two types of tasks. One stimulus moved at a constant speed in the real-world (world constant task) with three conditions: 80–60 cm (far), 60–40 cm (middle), and 40–20 cm (near) from the participant. The other stimulus moved at a constant speed on the retina (retinal constant task) with three conditions: 4–8 deg (far), 8–12 deg (middle), and 12–16 deg (near) as the vergence angle. The results showed that stimulus speed was perceived faster in the near condition than in the middle and far conditions for the world constant task, regardless of whether it was during fixation or convergence eye movements. In contrast, stimulus speed was perceived faster in the order of the far, middle, and near conditions for the retinal constant task. Our results indicate that speed perception of a visual target approaching the observer depends on real-world motion when the target position is relatively far from the observer. In contrast, retinal motion may influence speed perception when the target position is close to the observer. Our results also indicate that the effects of real-world and retinal motion on speed perception for motion in depth are similar with or without convergence eye movements. Therefore, it is suggested that when the visual target moves from far to near, the effects of real-world and retinal motion on speed perception are different depending on the initial target position.

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The role of eye movements in perceiving vehicle speed and time-to-arrival at the roadside

Sudkamp

Bocian

Souto

2021

Sci Rep

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To avoid collisions, pedestrians depend on their ability to perceive and interpret the visual motion of other road users. Eye movements influence motion perception, yet pedestrians’ gaze behavior has been little investigated. In the present study, we ask whether observers sample visual information differently when making two types of judgements based on the same virtual road-crossing scenario and to which extent spontaneous gaze behavior affects those judgements. Participants performed in succession a speed and a time-to-arrival two-interval discrimination task on the same simple traffic scenario—a car approaching at a constant speed (varying from 10 to 90 km/h) on a single-lane road. On average, observers were able to discriminate vehicle speeds of around 18 km/h and times-to-arrival of 0.7 s. In both tasks, observers placed their gaze closely towards the center of the vehicle’s front plane while pursuing the vehicle. Other areas of the visual scene were sampled infrequently. No differences were found in the average gaze behavior between the two tasks and a pattern classifier (Support Vector Machine), trained on trial-level gaze patterns, failed to reliably classify the task from the spontaneous eye movements it elicited. Saccadic gaze behavior could predict time-to-arrival discrimination performance, demonstrating the relevance of gaze behavior for perceptual sensitivity in road-crossing.

show abstract

Three-Dimensional Motion Perception: Comparing Speed and Speed Change Discrimination for Looming Stimuli

Cited by 5 publications

References 35 publications

Perceptual judgments of duration of parabolic motions

Perceptual judgments of duration of parabolic motions

The effect of real-world and retinal motion on speed perception for motion in depth

The role of eye movements in perceiving vehicle speed and time-to-arrival at the roadside

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