Speedy Routing Recovery Protocol for Large Failure Tolerance in Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract

Wireless sensor networks are expected to play an increasingly important role in data collection in hazardous areas. However, the physical fragility of a sensor node makes reliable routing in hazardous areas a challenging problem. Because several sensor nodes in a hazardous area could be damaged simultaneously, the network should be able to recover routing after node failures over large areas. Many routing protocols take single-node failure recovery into account, but it is difficult for these protocols to recover the routing after large-scale failures. In this paper, we propose a routing protocol, referred to as ARF (Adaptive routing protocol for fast Recovery from large-scale Failure), to recover a network quickly after failures over large areas. ARF detects failures by counting the packet losses from parent nodes, and upon failure detection, it decreases the routing interval to notify the neighbor nodes of the failure. Our experimental results indicate that ARF could provide recovery from large-area failures quickly with less packets and energy consumption than previous protocols.

Zero-effort projection for sensory data reconstruction in wireless sensor networks

“…The missing sensory data could be obtained by retransmission techniques or reconstructed by spatial interpolation techniques. 13 But retransmission would increase network burden which can lead to more packets loss and more energy consumption. To reconstruct the entire monitoring field using incomplete sampling, spatial correlation interpolation or transform domain interpolation can be done to reconstruct the missing samples.…”

Price based routing for event driven prioritized traffic in wireless sensor networks

“…In [2], authors propose a protocol which detects the network failures by packets losses from the sender nodes. Once the failure is detected and failed nodes are identified, the routing interval is increased to notify the neighboring nodes of the failure.…”

“…The same mechanism can be easily generalized for other QoI functions based on the priority of the application, so the prices on the next node can be estimated. Another important point to notice in equation (2) is that, as more and more packets follow certain path, the winning price on that node will increase and the prices will reflect the predicted delay on the node. Eventually, routers will start diverting low priority applications packets to other nodes where the auction prices are lower.…”

“…Most of these approaches focus on congestion avoidance and congestion control techniques for continuous stream of data which increases the response time of these techniques to congestion. Although routing prioritized multi application traffic in sporadic event driven scenarios is relatively less explored area, recently there is growing interest in this area in the context of emergency services [1], [2]. In this paper, we explore mechanism that efficiently deals with sporadic traffic congestion by spreading traffic with different priorities across the network.…”

Simultaneously Failure of Full Functional Devices and Reduced Functional Devices in Zigbee Sensor Network

“…WSNs communications are radio-based and sensors are operated with battery power. Energy depletion, hardware failure, communication link errors, malicious attacks, etc are some causes which may lead to WSNs failure [6]. If nodes are failed then temporary or permanent disconnections in network may occur.…”