Spending an additional 40 min outdoors each day reduces the incidence of myopia among primary school children in China

Barry, Robert J.; Wacogne, Ian; Abbott, Joe

doi:10.1136/archdischild-2016-311102

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 4 publications

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“…Previous studies of early learning [12], near work [13], and lack of outdoor activities [14], [15] showed that environmental factors were more related to myopia than genetic factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Risk Factors in Adult Myopia in Macedonia

Ljubic,

Dimitrova,

Trajkovski

et al. 2024

Open Access Maced J Med Sci

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AIM: In our case–control study of the Caucasian Macedonian myopia population of adults aged over 40 years, to analyze the environmental risk factors such as education level and outdoor activity levels in hours. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We included 53 patients with myopia and 64 control subjects. The following demographic characteristics were evaluated using questionnaires: Age, gender, level of education, outdoor activities (hours), and parental myopia. Ophthalmic examination was performed with slit-lamp biomicroscopy and parameters: best corrected visual acuity, cycloplegic autorefraction, and corneal curvature radius were recorded. RESULTS: About 54.7% of the myopia study population were male, and most of the subjects had high education (58.5%). About 43.4% of the myopia subjects did have parental myopia in the family history. The mean age of onset of myopia was 22.5 years, and the mean age when myopia stopped was 37.1 years. The mean value of near tasks (screen time, reading, etc.) time in hours, in the myopia group was 5.6, whereas in the emmetropia group 4.9. The mean value of outdoor activity in hours per day (prior 26 years of age, recent years, and today) was: 5.1 h, 4.2 h, 3.9 h in the myopia group versus 4.8 h, 3.8 h, 3.3 h in the emmetropia group, respectively. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of male gender in myopia group was higher. Near task time in hours was higher in myopia group versus emmetropia group. Parental history of myopia was significantly more present in patients with myopia. Environmental risk factors such as outdoor activities in hours and level of education did not differ significantly among the groups.

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“…Previous studies of early learning [12], near work [13], and lack of outdoor activities [14], [15] showed that environmental factors were more related to myopia than genetic factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Risk Factors in Adult Myopia in Macedonia

Ljubic,

Dimitrova,

Trajkovski

et al. 2024

Open Access Maced J Med Sci

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Prevalence and risk factors of myopia in Han and Yugur older adults in Gansu, China: a cross-sectional study

Wang

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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few studies have investigated the prevalence of myopia in northwest china. this cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of myopia and high myopia in adults aged 40-80 years in the Han and Yugur populations living in Gansu Province, Northwest China. A total of 3,845 participants were included. The overall age-and sex-adjusted prevalence of myopia (spherical equivalent (SE) < −0.5 D), high myopia (SE < −6.0 D) and hyperopia (SE > + 0.5 D) were 16.4%, 0.7% and 26.2% in Yugur participants, respectively, and 34.3%, 5.0% and 19.2% in Han participants, respectively. The prevalence of myopia and high myopia in Han participants was significantly higher than that in Yugur participants (both P < 0.001). Yugur population, birth in rural areas, smoking history and outdoor work were found to be negatively associated with myopia. Higher education level and a family history of myopia were found to be positively associated with myopia in the study population. High myopia was negatively associated with Yugur population, aging, birth in rural areas and was positively associated with a family history of myopia. This study provided valuable information regarding the environmental risk factors of myopia and revealed an ethnic disparity in the prevalence of myopia in Gansu province, northwest china. Refractive error, especially myopia, is a common ocular abnormality. Complications associated with high myopia have become an important cause of low vision in adolescents and adults 1,2. The prevalence of myopia differs by region. Many studies have shown that the prevalence of myopia is high in East Asia 3-6. In China, the prevalence of myopia among school-age children in urban areas is 12.7-35.8% 7,8 and 70-87.7% 8-10 in people aged over 17. Although some studies explored that the prevalence of myopia among Chinese immigrants was the highest than other ethnicities of their place of residence 11-13 , the genetic susceptibility on the high prevalence of myopia in Chinese population is not sufficient as their cultural attitudes to education sustained impact the learning pressure. Previous studies have also indicated that myopia was more related to environmental factors (early learning 14 , near work 15 , and lack of outdoor activities 16,17) than genetic factors. China is a multiethnic country composed of the Han ethnicity and 55 other populations, which results in differences in health and clinical profiles. The disparities in the prevalence of myopia in different populations in China have been studied in teenagers 18,19. The prevalence of myopia among subjects aged 4-19 years of the Han population (27%) was significantly higher than those of the Hui (18%) and Uyghur (13%) living in Turpan, China 19. One study among Han and Yi adults in Yunnan Province showed that the Yi population had a lower prevalence of myopia (8.1% vs. 10.3%; P = 0.02) 20. Disparities in myopia susceptibility may be attributed to

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Schuleingangsuntersuchung bei Seiteneinsteigenden – was kann, was soll sie leisten? Ein Diskussionsbeitrag auf Grundlage der Daten aus dem Gesundheitsamt Frankfurt am Main 2006–2016

et al. 2017

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The focus of the lateral entrance examination is a school-related health status. On the basis of experience gained in Frankfurt am Main, it should be pointed out that investigations by the lateral entrants from other countries seem necessary, in particular visual and hearing screening, physical examination and checking the vaccination status, possibly in combination with vaccination. On the other hand, a detailed developmental screening does not appear to be urgent in the case of pupils who will be starting compulsory school, in whom there is no chance for additional encouragement before the start of school.

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Spending an additional 40 min outdoors each day reduces the incidence of myopia among primary school children in China

Cited by 4 publications

References 4 publications

Risk Factors in Adult Myopia in Macedonia

Risk Factors in Adult Myopia in Macedonia

Prevalence and risk factors of myopia in Han and Yugur older adults in Gansu, China: a cross-sectional study

Schuleingangsuntersuchung bei Seiteneinsteigenden – was kann, was soll sie leisten? Ein Diskussionsbeitrag auf Grundlage der Daten aus dem Gesundheitsamt Frankfurt am Main 2006–2016

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