Spermatogene Übertragung des „Virus Marburg“

Martini, G. A.; Schmidt, Hans

doi:10.1007/bf01734141

Cited by 96 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…32 Additionally, Ebola virus has occasionally been found in sweat and urine, 33 and in atypical or asymptomatic cases. 32 Similar reports note the persistence of Marburg virus in the eye, 34 semen, 35 and breast milk, 36 and in environmental samples. Viral load measurement could even be useful in assessing environmental decon tamination practices.…”

Section: Importance Of Fi Lovirus Load Determinationsupporting

confidence: 59%

Essentials of filoviral load quantification

Cnops

Griensven

Honko

et al. 2016

The Lancet Infectious Diseases

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Quantitative measurement of viral load is an important parameter in the management of fi lovirus disease outbreaks because viral load correlates with severity of disease, survival, and infectivity. During the ongoing Ebola virus disease outbreak in parts of Western Africa, most assays used in the detection of Ebola virus disease by more than 44 diagnostic laboratories yielded qualitative results. Regulatory hurdles involved in validating quantitative assays and the urgent need for a rapid Ebola virus disease diagnosis precluded development of validated quantitative assays during the outbreak. Because of sparse quantitative data obtained from these outbreaks, opportunities for study of correlations between patient outcome, changes in viral load during the course of an outbreak, disease course in asymptomatic individuals, and the potential for virus transmission between infected patients and contacts have been limited. We strongly urge the continued development of quantitative viral load assays to carefully evaluate these parameters in future outbreaks of fi lovirus disease.

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Section: Importance Of Fi Lovirus Load Determinationsupporting

confidence: 59%

Essentials of filoviral load quantification

Cnops

Griensven

Honko

et al. 2016

The Lancet Infectious Diseases

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“…Finding Marburg virus in tissues from lung, kidney, colon, and mid-gut raises the possibility of virus shedding through an oral, fecal, or urinary route(s). One bat had Marburg virus-positive reproductive tissue (uterus/ovary) which, given the previous discovery of Ebola virus in reproductive tissue of infected humans [14]–[16] and active Marburg virus transmission via semen [17], raises the possibility of sexual transmission among bats. The potential involvement of arthropod vectors has not been ruled out, although limited numbers of argasid ticks (14 pools of 10–20 ticks) collected thus far from the cave were negative for Marburg virus RNA by Q-RT-PCR.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Pulses of Marburg Virus Circulation in Juvenile Rousettus aegyptiacus Bats Coincide with Periods of Increased Risk of Human Infection

et al. 2012

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Marburg virus (family Filoviridae) causes sporadic outbreaks of severe hemorrhagic disease in sub-Saharan Africa. Bats have been implicated as likely natural reservoir hosts based most recently on an investigation of cases among miners infected in 2007 at the Kitaka mine, Uganda, which contained a large population of Marburg virus-infected Rousettus aegyptiacus fruit bats. Described here is an ecologic investigation of Python Cave, Uganda, where an American and a Dutch tourist acquired Marburg virus infection in December 2007 and July 2008. More than 40,000 R. aegyptiacus were found in the cave and were the sole bat species present. Between August 2008 and November 2009, 1,622 bats were captured and tested for Marburg virus. Q-RT-PCR analysis of bat liver/spleen tissues indicated ∼2.5% of the bats were actively infected, seven of which yielded Marburg virus isolates. Moreover, Q-RT-PCR-positive lung, kidney, colon and reproductive tissues were found, consistent with potential for oral, urine, fecal or sexual transmission. The combined data for R. aegyptiacus tested from Python Cave and Kitaka mine indicate low level horizontal transmission throughout the year. However, Q-RT-PCR data show distinct pulses of virus infection in older juvenile bats (∼six months of age) that temporarily coincide with the peak twice-yearly birthing seasons. Retrospective analysis of historical human infections suspected to have been the result of discrete spillover events directly from nature found 83% (54/65) events occurred during these seasonal pulses in virus circulation, perhaps demonstrating periods of increased risk of human infection. The discovery of two tags at Python Cave from bats marked at Kitaka mine, together with the close genetic linkages evident between viruses detected in geographically distant locations, are consistent with R. aegyptiacus bats existing as a large meta-population with associated virus circulation over broad geographic ranges. These findings provide a basis for developing Marburg hemorrhagic fever risk reduction strategies.

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“…Recent reports of clinical sequelae in survivors from filovirus outbreaks suggest that viral dissemination to immune-privileged organs such as the eyes and brain may result in life-long pathologies in these individuals, despite their having survived the acute disease 22,23,25,46 . In addition, past and current reports of filoviruses in the semen of survivors 24,47–49 is concerning. Thus, effective control of viral replication in patients during the acute phase of infection by siRNA-LNP treatment may also yield long-term benefits by preventing viral spread to these organs, as reported here.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rescue of non-human primates from advanced Sudan ebolavirus infection with lipid encapsulated siRNA

et al. 2016

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Although significant progress has been made in developing therapeutics against Zaire ebolavirus, these therapies do not protect against other Ebola species such as Sudan ebolavirus (SUDV). Here, we describe an RNA interference therapeutic comprising siRNA targeting the SUDV VP35 gene encapsulated in lipid nanoparticle (LNP) technology with increased potency beyond formulations used in TKM-Ebola clinical trials. Twenty-five rhesus monkeys were challenged with a lethal dose of SUDV. Twenty animals received siRNA-LNP beginning at 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 days post-challenge. VP35-targeting siRNA-LNP treatment resulted in up to 100% survival, even when initiated when fever, viraemia and disease signs were evident. Treatment effectively controlled viral replication, mediating up to 4 log10 reductions after dosing. Mirroring clinical findings, a correlation between high viral loads and fatal outcome was observed, emphasizing the importance of stratifying efficacy according to viral load. In summary, strong survival benefit and rapid control of SUDV replication by VP35-targeting LNP confirm its therapeutic potential in combatting this lethal disease.

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Spermatogene Übertragung des „Virus Marburg“

Cited by 96 publications

References 5 publications

Essentials of filoviral load quantification

Essentials of filoviral load quantification

Seasonal Pulses of Marburg Virus Circulation in Juvenile Rousettus aegyptiacus Bats Coincide with Periods of Increased Risk of Human Infection

Rescue of non-human primates from advanced Sudan ebolavirus infection with lipid encapsulated siRNA

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