Spermatogenesis

Renkawitz‐Pohl, Renate; Hempel, Leonie U.; Hollmann, Martin; Schäfer, Mireille

doi:10.1016/b0-44-451924-6/00011-9

Cited by 29 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 134 publications

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“…Histones disappear, transition protein-like proteins appear transiently and protamines are deposited to the chromatin Sperm morphogenesis is characterised by an impressive degree of changes in cell architecture based on stored, translationally repressed mRNAs that are recruited at the appropriate time to the polysomes (for a review, see Renkawitz-Pohl et al, 2005). Among these are mRNAs that encode Tpl 94D and protamines.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Histone lysines can be mono-, di-or trimethylated (Lachner et al, 2003). Post-meiotic germ cells of Drosophila are virtually completely transcriptionally silent (for a review, see Renkawitz-Pohl et al, 2005); thus, histone methylation on lysine residues K9 or K27 might be expected in post-meiotic stages. We analysed mono-, di-and trimethylation of H3K9 as well as di-and trimethylation of H3K27 and found these modifications to be present from the nebenkern stage immediately after meiosis (data not shown) until the removal of histones (Table 2).…”

Section: Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Multiple histone modifications have been analysed that mark transcriptionally active and inactive chromatin either on the level of euchromatin versus heterochromatin or on the level of individual genes (Lachner et al, 2003;Peterson and Laniel, 2004;Shilatifard, 2006). In Drosophila spermatogenesis, transcription nearly ceases with the entry into meiotic division (for review see Renkawitz-Pohl et al, 2005), which is long before the protamine-based chromatin status is established. Histone modifications in the haploid phase might play a fundamental role in keeping the genome largely transcriptionally inactive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…from meiosis until sperm individualisation, lasts 3.5 days. After meiosis, the nucleus initially is round and then gradually changes its shape accompanied by reorganisation of the chromatin during the canoe stage (Jayaramaiah-Raja and Renkawitz-Pohl, 2005), resulting in sperm containing a slim nucleus in which the nuclear volume is decreased by a factor of 200 (for review see Fuller, 1993;Renkawitz-Pohl et al, 2005).In the work reported here we concentrated on post-meiotic sperm morphogenesis with particular focus on chromatin reorganisation from the nucleosomal-to the protamine-based structure, which is a dramatic switch. Previously, we have reported that the histone variant H2AvD-GFP vanishes at the canoe stage while protamines begin to accumulate simultaneously (Jayaramaiah-Raja and Renkawitz-Pohl, 2005).…”

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Transition from a nucleosome-based to a protamine-based chromatin configuration during spermiogenesis inDrosophila

Rathke

Baarends

Jayaramaiah-Raja

et al. 2007

Journal of Cell Science

209

264

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presence of the architectural protein CTCF, numerous DNA breaks, SUMO, UbcD6 and high content of ubiquitin, as well as testes-specific nuclear proteasomes at this time. Moreover, we report the first transition protein-like chromosomal protein, Tpl 94D, to be found in Drosophila. We propose that Tpl 94D -an HMG box protein -and the numerous DNA breaks facilitate chromatin unwinding as a prelude to protamine and Mst77F deposition. Finally, we show that histone modifications and removal are independent of protamine synthesis. ), the presence of CTCF and DNA breaks. We furthermore show that histone removal is independent of the presence of protamines. Both this histone removal and protamine accumulation are essential for transmission of the male genome to the oocyte, and therefore of fundamental importance for the persistence of species. ResultsCore histones and their variants are removed simultaneously from the DNA of spermatid nuclei prior to protamine accumulation In Drosophila melanogaster, sperm morphogenesis, i.e. from meiosis until sperm individualisation, lasts 3.5 days. After meiosis, the nucleus initially is round and then gradually changes its shape accompanied by reorganisation of the chromatin during the canoe stage (Jayaramaiah-Raja and Renkawitz-Pohl, 2005), resulting in sperm containing a slim nucleus in which the nuclear volume is decreased by a factor of 200 (for review see Fuller, 1993;Renkawitz-Pohl et al., 2005).In the work reported here we concentrated on post-meiotic sperm morphogenesis with particular focus on chromatin reorganisation from the nucleosomal-to the protamine-based structure, which is a dramatic switch. Previously, we have reported that the histone variant H2AvD-GFP vanishes at the canoe stage while protamines begin to accumulate simultaneously (Jayaramaiah-Raja and Renkawitz-Pohl, 2005). To analyse the timing of histone removal and protamine accumulation we brought protamine-eGFP and H2AvD-RFP (Clarkson and Saint, 1999) into one genetic background to enable a study in the same individual. We found that H2AvD-RFP disappeared before protamine-eGFP accumulation took place (data not shown). We then went on to immunostain testes of protamine-eGFP flies with an antibody recognising all histones. This antibody was raised against total histones of humans and detects all core histones and the linker histone H1 in mammals. As -in contrast to core histones -H1 is not well conserved between mammals and Drosophila, we presumably detect solely core histones with this antibody. Our findings show that core histones (Fig. 1A) are detectable up to the canoe stage whereas protamines start to be synthesised at the canoe stage (Fig. 1B) but with no apparent positional overlap. As the canoe stage is quite long, we defined the early canoe stage by the start of histone removal, and the late canoe stage by the start of protamine accumulation (see Fig. 1A-E, second and third columns). With histone H3.3, a further replacement variant is expressed in the testis and disappears in post-meiotic stages togethe...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transition from a nucleosome-based to a protamine-based chromatin configuration during spermiogenesis inDrosophila

Rathke

Baarends

Jayaramaiah-Raja

et al. 2007

Journal of Cell Science

209

264

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In Drosophila, don juan and don juan like encode proteins of the spermatid nucleus and the flagellum and both are regulated at the transcriptional level by the TAF_II80 cannonball while translational repression is achieved by distinct elements

Hempel

Rathke

Raja

et al. 2006

Developmental Dynamics

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The genes don juan (dj) and don juan like (djl) encode basic proteins expressed in the male germline. Both proteins show a similar expression pattern being localized in the sperm heads during chromatin condensation and along the flagella. Prematurely expressed Don Juan-eGFP and Myc-Don Juan Like localize to the cytoplasm of spermatocytes and in mitochondrial derivatives from the nebenkern stage onward suggesting that both proteins associate with the mitochondria along the flagella in elongated spermatids. Premature expression of Myc-Don Juan Like does not impair spermatogenesis where-as Don Juan-eGFP when prematurely expressed causes male sterility as spermatids fail to individualize. In spite of the sequence identity of 72% on the nucleotide level and 42% on the protein level, the presumptive promoter regions and the untranslated regions of the mRNA are diverged. Our in vivo analysis revealed that don juan and don juan like are transcriptionally and translationally controlled by distinct short cis regulatory regions. Transcription of don juan and don juan like depends on the male germ line specific TAF II 80, Cannonball (Can). Translational repression elements for both mRNAs are localized in the 5 UTR and are capable to form distinct secondary structures in close proximity to the translational initiation codon.

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Sperm morphometry is affected by increased inbreeding in the Retinta cattle breed: A molecular approach

Teran

Azcona

Ramón

et al. 2021

Molecular Reproduction Devel

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The effect of inbreeding depression on sperm motility is well documented, but its influence on sperm morphometry has been scarcely examined to date. Here, we combined the use of computer‐assisted sperm morphometry analysis (CASMA) with a SNP‐based genomic approach to determine and characterize the effect of inbreeding on the sperm shape of a highly inbred cattle population. We determined seven morphometric parameters on frozen‐thawed sperm samples of 57 Retinta bulls: length (L, µm), width (W, µm), area (A, µm2), perimeter (P, µm), ellipticity (ELI; L/W), elongation (L−W)/(L + W) and perimeter‐to‐area shape factor (p2a; P2/4 × π × A). The comparison of highly inbred (HI) and lowly inbreed (LI) individuals based on runs of homozygosity (ROH) inbreeding values (F ROH) showed no differences between groups. An additional two‐step unsupervised sperm subpopulation analysis based on morphometric parameters showed significant differences in the abundance of different sperm subpopulations between groups (p < 0.05). This analysis revealed that HI bulls harbored a higher percentage of narrow‐head sperm as opposed to the higher percentage of large‐ and round‐headed sperm detected in LI. A further genomic characterization revealed 23 regions differentially affected by inbreeding in both groups, detecting six genes (SPAG6, ARMC3, PARK7, VAMP3, DYNLRB2, and PHF7) previously related to different spermatogenesis‐associated processes.

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Spermatogenesis

Cited by 29 publications

References 134 publications

Transition from a nucleosome-based to a protamine-based chromatin configuration during spermiogenesis inDrosophila

Transition from a nucleosome-based to a protamine-based chromatin configuration during spermiogenesis inDrosophila

In Drosophila, don juan and don juan like encode proteins of the spermatid nucleus and the flagellum and both are regulated at the transcriptional level by the TAF_II80 cannonball while translational repression is achieved by distinct elements

Sperm morphometry is affected by increased inbreeding in the Retinta cattle breed: A molecular approach

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Spermatogenesis

Cited by 29 publications

References 134 publications

Transition from a nucleosome-based to a protamine-based chromatin configuration during spermiogenesis inDrosophila

Transition from a nucleosome-based to a protamine-based chromatin configuration during spermiogenesis inDrosophila

In Drosophila, don juan and don juan like encode proteins of the spermatid nucleus and the flagellum and both are regulated at the transcriptional level by the TAFII80 cannonball while translational repression is achieved by distinct elements

Sperm morphometry is affected by increased inbreeding in the Retinta cattle breed: A molecular approach

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In Drosophila, don juan and don juan like encode proteins of the spermatid nucleus and the flagellum and both are regulated at the transcriptional level by the TAF_II80 cannonball while translational repression is achieved by distinct elements