Sphaeropsis sapinea Cankers on Stressed Red and Jack Pines in Minnesota and Wisconsin

Nicholls, Thomas H.; Ostry, Michael E.

doi:10.1094/pd-74-0054

Cited by 51 publications

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“…The available potential inoculum from cones was positively correlated with the proportion of sand and negatively correlated with the proportion of silt. Consistent with the association of Diplodia epidemics in this region with drought and unfavorable site conditions (Nicholls and Ostry, 1990;Palmer, 1991) and Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR, 1977(WDNR, -1996 reports of shoot blight and canker epidemics in Douglas Co., soils of these presettlement jack pine sites in Douglas Co. had the greatest mean percentage of sand and the least mean percentage of silt. Silt has more available water-holding capacity than sand (Foth, 1990).…”

Section: Tablesupporting

confidence: 54%

“…Environmental factors such as drought and unfavorable site conditions has been associated with severe outbreaks of Diplodia shoot blight and canker in red pine plantations in P. radiata D. Don. plantations in South Africa (Zwolinski et al, 1990), Australia (Wright and Marks, 1970), and in red and jack pine plantations in Wisconsin (Nicholls and Ostry, 1990). In these studies, trees exposed to drought, poor site conditions, or hail were more frequently damaged.…”

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confidence: 93%

“…Among the potentially serious diseases of red pine and jack pine are those caused by Diplodia pinea sensu lato. Symptoms reported in red and jack pine include shoot blight, stem cankers, branch dieback, dead tops, death, and blue staining of cut wood (Nicholls and Ostry, 1990;Palmer, 1991). Recently, it has been learned that two distinct pathogens, D. pinea (Desmaz.)…”

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confidence: 99%

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Site-related influences on cone-borne inoculum and asymptomatic persistence of Diplodia shoot blight fungi on or in mature red pines

Munck

Smith

Sickley

et al. 2009

Forest Ecology and Management

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Section: Tablesupporting

confidence: 54%

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confidence: 93%

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confidence: 99%

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Site-related influences on cone-borne inoculum and asymptomatic persistence of Diplodia shoot blight fungi on or in mature red pines

Munck

Smith

Sickley

et al. 2009

Forest Ecology and Management

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“…It has recently been shown to occur as a latent pathogen in healthy pine tissues, especially in shoots and cones [69,70,182,185]. Field observations and experiments have usually associated the incidence and severity of disease with various stress factors (nutrition, hail, drought...) which would trigger host susceptibility [98,149,184,190]. Effects of water stress on the Pinus-S. sapinea interaction have been investigated in several experimental studies, with wound inoculations on stems or shoots of young saplings.…”

Section: Sphaeropsis Sapinea-pinusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactive effects of drought and pathogens in forest trees

et al. 2006

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-This review synthesizes the available knowledge on drought-disease interactions in forest trees with a focus on (1) evidence and patterns of drought-disease interactions, (2) current understanding of processes and mechanisms, and (3) three well documented cases studies. The first part is based on the analysis of a database of slightly more than one hundred studies, obtained by keyword searches combining drought, diseases or pathogens, and forest trees. A large majority of published studies referred to a positive association between drought and disease, i.e. disease favoured by drought or drought and disease acting synergistically on tree health status, with a predominance of canker/dieback diseases, caused by pathogens like Botryosphaeria, Sphaeropsis, Cytospora and Biscognauxia (Hypoxylon). The type of disease-related variables (incidence vs. severity) and the intensity and timing of water stress were shown to be significant factors affecting the drought-infection interaction. Interactions with other abiotic stresses and species-specific and genetic effects, related to host or pathogen, have also been reported. Direct effects of drought on pathogens are generally negative, although most fungal pathogens exhibit an important plasticity and can grow at water potentials well below the minimum for growth of their host plants. Studies on indirect effects of drought on pathogens through other community interactions are still relatively scarce. Positive drought-infection effects can mostly be explained by indirect effects of drought on host physiology. The predisposition and the multiple stress hypotheses are presented, as well as recent developments in the study of the molecular basis of abiotic and biotic stress, and their interactions. Sphaeropsis sapinea on pines, Biscognauxia mediterranea on oaks and root pathogens in declines associated with drought provide illustrative examples, treated as case studies, of pathogens of current significance associated with drought. The conclusion highlights some knowledge gaps, e.g. the role of latent parasites and the shift to a pathogenic stage, or the genetics of some fungal groups. The need for prevention of pathogen dispersal, especially crucial in the case of latent pathogens, is emphasized. drought / water stress / pathogenic fungi / predisposition / forest trees Résumé -Interactions entre sécheresse et agents pathogènes chez les arbres forestiers. Cette revue synthétise les connaissances actuelles sur les interactions entre sécheresse et maladies chez les arbres forestiers, avec trois grandes parties : (1) description des types d'interaction ; (2) connaissances acquises sur les mécanismes impliqués ; (3) trois études de cas bien étudiées. La première partie est basée sur l'analyse d'une base de données d'une centaine d'études, sélectionnées par recherche sur mots clés. La plupart de ces études se rapportent à des maladies favorisées par la sécheresse ou à un effet synergique entre sécheresse et maladie sur l'état sanitaire des arbres, avec une prédominance de m...

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“…Dietr., Pseudotsuga Carriere and Thuja L. (Sinclair & Lyon 1987;Swart et al 1987;Chou & MacKenzie 1988;Nicholls & Ostry 1990;Stanosz et al 2001; Wingfield & Knox-Davies 1980;Palmer & Nicholls 1985;Rees & Webber 1988;Stanosz & Cummings-Carlson 1996). Although D. pinea has been already reported in Turkey (Günay 2001), little is known about the development of the disease in Turkish forests.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and genetic similarity of Diplodia pinea on shoots and cones in seed orchards of Pinus spp. in north-western Turkey

et al. 2014

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Doğmuş-Lehtijärvi H.T., Kaya A.G.A., Lehtijärvi A., Oskay F., Kaya Ö.D. (2014): Occurrence and genetic similarity of Diplodia pinea on shoots and cones in seed orchards of Pinus spp. in north-western Turkey. Plant Protec Sci., 50: 217-220.Diplodia shoot blight disease can cause significant damage on coniferous trees and be particularly injurious to cones, which reduces the amount of seed production and germination. We investigated the disease severity and genetic variation of Diplodia pinea in one Pinus nigra and two P. sylvestris seed orchards. Disease surveys were carried out in İzmit (Marmara region, Turkey) in May 2012. Symptomatic shoots and cones were examined for the presence of pycnidia. Cultural and morphological characteristics of the isolates were studied using cultures grown on potato dextrose agar (PDA). Based on morphological characteristics and results using species specific primers, the pycnidia on shoots and cones were identified as D. pinea. In addition, Random Amplified Microsatellite Sequence (RAMS) analyses indicated that there was a single genet of D. pinea which caused the disease in the seed orchards. All of the 60 sampled trees were found to be infected by the fungus. There were differences in disease severity among the stands.Keywords: diplodia shoot blight; pine; RAMS; disease severity Diplodia pinea (Desm.) Kickx is a latent, opportunistic conifer pathogen which causes the disease commonly known as Diplodia shoot blight (Eldridge 1961;Swart & Wingfield 1991;Stanosz et al. 1997). The fungus affects both young and old trees causing shoot blight, dead top, sap stain, root disease, and cankers on stems and branches (Brookhouser & Peterson 1971;Peterson 1977).It mostly attacks Pinus species but also Abies Mill., Chamaecyparis Spach., Cupressus L., Larix Mill., Picea A. Dietr., Pseudotsuga Carriere and Thuja L. (Sinclair & Lyon 1987;Swart et al. 1987;Chou & MacKenzie 1988;Nicholls & Ostry 1990;Stanosz et al. 2001; Wingfield & Knox-Davies 1980;Palmer & Nicholls 1985;Rees & Webber 1988;Stanosz & Cummings-Carlson 1996). Although D. pinea has been already reported in Turkey (Günay 2001), little is known about the development of the disease in Turkish forests. Some of the most severe damages have occurred in southern Turkey. The pathogen was noted on dead twigs and canker samples of P. elderica and P. brutia in Kahramanmaraş in 2005. Several years later it was found on Pseudotsuga menziesii in İzmit province (Kaya et al. 2014). Studies carried out in the western part of the Taurus Mts. in Isparta province, located in the Mediterranean part of Turkey, showed that D. pinea was the most common cause of the shoot blight of P. brutia Ten. (Doğmuş-Lehtijärvi et al. 2007).In 2013, we investigated one P. nigra and two P. sylvestris seed orchards infested by D. pinea in Presented at the IUFRO Meeting "Biosecurity in Naturals Forests, Stands and Plantations, Genomics and Biotechnology for Biosecurity in Forestry", Brno and Cerna Hora, Czech Republic, May 20-25, 2013. 218 Vol. 50, 2014, No. 4: ...

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Sphaeropsis sapinea Cankers on Stressed Red and Jack Pines in Minnesota and Wisconsin

Cited by 51 publications

References 0 publications

Site-related influences on cone-borne inoculum and asymptomatic persistence of Diplodia shoot blight fungi on or in mature red pines

Site-related influences on cone-borne inoculum and asymptomatic persistence of Diplodia shoot blight fungi on or in mature red pines

Interactive effects of drought and pathogens in forest trees

Occurrence and genetic similarity of Diplodia pinea on shoots and cones in seed orchards of Pinus spp. in north-western Turkey

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