Spherical debris—Its occurrence, formation and significance in rolling contact fatigue

Scott, Douglas; Mills, G.H.

doi:10.1016/0043-1648(73)90236-6

Cited by 82 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…4e/f); with their frequency increasing as more cycles elapsed. Spherical particles can be associated with the exfoliation of the contact surfaces as a result of fatigue [37,38]. The increase in occurrence of spherical particles of small diameter coincided with the general decrease in average ECD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The evolution of polymer wear debris from total disc arthroplasty

2015

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a b s t r a c tTotal disc arthroplasty is an alternative to spinal fusion, aimed at preserving flexibility; these devices typically involve a cobalt chrome molybdenum alloy socket articulating against an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) ball. As with all artificial joints, wear debris is of particular concern due to its effect on both implant life and the in vivo biological reactions that can occur. In this paper, a profile of the UHMWPE wear debris generated from disc arthroplasty, tested on a spine simulator, is built with a combination of SEM image analysis tools. SEM images were analysed by computer vision, which allowed size and shape information to be extracted and images to be categorised by the shared topological features on individual wear particles. The computer visions techniques were based on a Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) to extract key point data from individual images and a Support Vector Decision Machine (SVM) to filter images based on a series of trained parameters. As certain wear particle morphology is predominantly produced by a particular wear regime, grouping wear particles by morphology and size made it possible to infer the relative rates of various wear regimes responsible for wear debris generation. By sampling synovial lubricant at intervals throughout the tribological test, the predominant wear regimes and particle sizes were tracked over the course of the implant life. Wear debris samples were taken at 12 intervals over a 5 million cycle test. The majority of debris was found to be 0.88 μm in equivalent circle diameter, with an aspect ratio (defined as the major over the minor diameter of the smallest possible encompassing ellipse of the debris) of 1.55. There was a decreasing trend in average particle size as the number of cycles increased. During the early stages of the test, adhesion and abrasion were dominant in forming particle morphologies, however after 2 million cycles; particles generated as a result of fatigue became the major particle morphology.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The evolution of polymer wear debris from total disc arthroplasty

2015

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“…Many years ago there were a number of researchers, for example, Scott and Mills [5], Jin and Wang [6], explored the wear behaviors between rolling/sliding surfaces reveal the appearance of the particles. On the formation of the particles, there were several explanations.…”

Section: Pb1300 Oil Lubricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study on the Impact Wear Behaviors of 40Cr Steel

Wang

2015

Tribology Online

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In this study, using a self-made impact test rig controlled by the electromagnet and the time relay, a steel ball in an upper clamp is impacted on to 40Cr testing specimens fixed in a lower clamping fixture reciprocatingly. Three contact conditions are employed: dry contact and two lubricated contacts. One lubricant with lower viscosity and the other with higher viscosity were employed in the experiments to study the influence of the viscosity. After experiments, the impact dent is measured by SEM and a surface profiler. The results show that in the dry contact, the repeated impact firstly forms a hardened layer on the metal surface which is damaged in the following impacts. Using the low viscosity oil, the plastic deformation can be restrained effectively. Moreover, using high viscosity oil, the dent can be effectively protected from plastic deformation and impact wear if the lubricant is supplied fully. However, if the lubricant is not supplied fully, a long and sharp local dent is produced in the impact dent, resulting in further damage to the metal.

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“…In particular, three distinct S1AR Category 37 2 particle types have been related to rolling contact fatigue: spheres, spall, and laminar particles (10). Indeed the occurrence of spherical particles in oil samples has been shown to be a precursor of bearing fatigue in some cases (9,10,11).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%