Sphingolipids—Their Metabolic Pathways and the Pathobiochemistry of Neurodegenerative Diseases

Kolter, Thomas; Sandhoff, Konrad

doi:10.1002/(sici)1521-3773(19990601)38:11<1532::aid-anie1532>3.0.co;2-u

Cited by 385 publications

(279 citation statements)

References 287 publications

(363 reference statements)

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“…3) Sphingolipids form a biologically important class of compounds, 4) some of which have been reported to exhibit antihepatotoxic, antitumor and immunostimulatory activities, 5,6) inhibition of atherosclerosis 7) and as secondary messengers.…”

Section: Notementioning

confidence: 99%

Antibacterial Sphingolipid and Steroids from the Black Coral Antipathes dichotoma

Al‐Lihaibi

Ayyad

Shaher

et al. 2010

CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN

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From the black coral Antipathies dichotoma, a sphingolipid (2S*,3S*,4E,8E)-2N-[tetradecanoyl]-4(E),8(E)-icosadiene-1, 3-diol (1) and a steroid (22E)-methylcholesta-5,22-diene-1a,3b,7a-triol (2) were isolated. Other known compounds, 3b,7a-dihydroxy-cholest-5-ene (3) (22E,24S),5a,8a-epidioxy-24-methylcholesta-6,22-dien3b-ol (4) and (22E,24S),5a,8a-epidioxy-24-methylcholesta-6,9(11),22-trien-3b-ol (5). The structures were established on the basis of NMR spectroscopic analysis and comparison with literature. The antibacterial activity of five compounds was evaluated.

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Section: Notementioning

confidence: 99%

Antibacterial Sphingolipid and Steroids from the Black Coral Antipathes dichotoma

Al‐Lihaibi

Ayyad

Shaher

et al. 2010

CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN

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“…Glycosphingolipids including gangliosides are formed biosynthetically at intracellular membranes (1,14) from which they are transported to the plasma membrane by exocytotic membrane flow (15). They are degraded after endocytosis within the acidic compartments of the cell by a complex machinery of degrading enzymes, activator proteins, and negatively charged lipids (1).…”

Section: Ganglioside Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are degraded after endocytosis within the acidic compartments of the cell by a complex machinery of degrading enzymes, activator proteins, and negatively charged lipids (1). Several human diseases are caused by defects in glycolipid degradation that lead to the accumulation of metabolites upstream of the defective reactions (1).…”

Section: Ganglioside Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combinatorial Ganglioside Biosynthesis

Kolter¹,

Proia

Sandhoff

2002

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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291

212

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“…GSLs are amphipathic cell membrane molecules present on the extracellular leaflet of the plasma membrane lipid bilayers and on topologically equivalent membrane sides of endocytotic and exocytotic organelles (10). They modulate membrane properties and receptors (11,12) or ion channel functions (6,13,14).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Male Germ Cells Require Polyenoic Sphingolipids with Complex Glycosylation for Completion of Meiosis

Rabionet

Spoel

Chuang

et al. 2008

Journal of Biological Chemistry

105

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Previously, it was found that a novel class of neutral fucosylated glycosphingolipids (GSLs) is required for male fertility. These lipids contain very long-chain (C26 -C32) polyunsaturated (4 -6 double bonds) fatty acid residues (VLC-PUFAs). To assess the role of these complex GSLs in spermatogenesis, we have now investigated with which of the testicular cell types these lipids are associated. During postnatal development, complex glycosylated and simple VLC-PUFA sphingolipids were first detectable at day 15, when the most advanced germ cells are pachytene spermatocytes. Their synthesis is most likely driven by ceramide synthase-3. This enzyme is encoded by the Cers3/ Lass3 gene (longevity assurance genes), and out of six members of this gene family, only Cers3 mRNA expression was limited to germ cells, where it was up-regulated more than 700-fold during postnatal testicular maturation. Increasing levels of neutral complex VLC-PUFA GSLs also correlated with the progression of spermatogenesis in a series of male sterile mutants with arrests at different stages of spermatogenesis. Remarkably, fucosylation of the complex VLC-PUFA GSLs was not essential for spermatogenesis, as fucosylation-deficient mice produced nonfucosylated versions of the complex testicular VLC-PUFA GSLs, had complete spermatogenesis, and were fertile. Nevertheless, sterile Galgt1 ؊/؊ mice, with a defective meiotic cytokinesis and a subsequent block in spermiogenesis, lacked complex but contained simple VLC-PUFA GSLs, as well as VLC-PUFA ceramides and sphingomyelins, indicating that the latter lipids are not sufficient for completion of spermatogenesis. Thus, our data imply that both glycans and the particular acyl chains of germinal sphingolipids are relevant for proper completion of meiosis.The testis is composed of two functional compartments as follows: (i) the seminiferous tubules, containing developing germ cells and supporting Sertoli cells, and (ii) the steroidogenic Leydig cells in the interstitium (Fig. 1A) (1, 2). In mature testis, the seminiferous tubules are separated by a blood-testis barrier (BTB) 5 into a basal and an adluminal compartment. Tight junctions contribute to the establishment of the BTB, which is made up of adjacent Sertoli cells and physically segregates post-meiotic germ cells from nutrients and biomolecules in the systemic circulation (3, 4).The development of the male germ cells, taking place within the seminiferous tubules, is a complex and highly regulated process (2). During spermatogenesis, testicular stem cells (undifferentiated spermatogonia) give rise to a lineage of cells that multiply by mitosis (proliferative spermatogonia). These cells differentiate to go through the meiotic division (spermatocytes) and become haploid germ cells (spermatids), which transform into spermatozoa. It is during the meiotic prophase that leptotene spermatocytes transit the BTB. The post-meiotic development (spermiogenesis) involves a dramatic change of nuclear shape, chromatin condensation, the loss of most cell organelles, a...

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Sphingolipids—Their Metabolic Pathways and the Pathobiochemistry of Neurodegenerative Diseases

Cited by 385 publications

References 287 publications

Antibacterial Sphingolipid and Steroids from the Black Coral Antipathes dichotoma

Antibacterial Sphingolipid and Steroids from the Black Coral Antipathes dichotoma

Combinatorial Ganglioside Biosynthesis

Male Germ Cells Require Polyenoic Sphingolipids with Complex Glycosylation for Completion of Meiosis

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