Sphingomonas alpina sp. nov., a psychrophilic bacterium isolated from alpine soil

Abstract

An aerobic, Gram-negative-staining, motile, psychrophilic bacterium, designated strain S8-3 T , was isolated from alpine soil. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain S8-3 T was related to the genus Sphingomonas and had highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Sphingomonas oligophenolica S213 T (98.0 %). 16S RNA gene sequence similarity between strain S8-3 T and Sphingomonas paucimobilis ATCC 29837 T (the type species of the genus Sphingomonas) was 93.0 %. Strain S8-3 T contained Q-10 as the ubiquinone and C 18 : 1 v7c (65.0 %) and C 14 : 0 2-OH (13.4 %) as the dominant fatty acids (.10 %). The major polyamines were the triamine sym-homospermidine and spermidine. The polar lipid profile contained sphingoglycolipid, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine. The DNA G+C content was 64.1 mol%. Combined data from phenotypic, phylogenetic and DNA-DNA relatedness studies demonstrated that strain S8-3 T is a representative of a novel species of the genus Sphingomonas, for which the name Sphingomonas alpina sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is S8-3 T (5DSM 22537 T 5LMG 26055 T ).The genus Sphingomonas was first proposed by Yabuuchi et al. (1990) and has been emended subsequently by Takeuchi et al. (1993Takeuchi et al. ( , 2001, Yabuuchi et al. (2002) and Busse et al. (2003) to accommodate aerobic, Gramnegative and non-spore-forming bacteria that are characterized chemotaxonomically by the absence of 3-hydroxy fatty acids and by the presence of 2-hydroxymyristic acid (C 14 : 0 2-OH), Q-10 as the respiratory quinone and symhomospermidine as the key polyamine. So far, the nomenclature of Takeuchi et al. (2001) is generally used (Busse et al., 2003). Strain S8-3 T was isolated from alpine soil collected in the Hohe Tauern/Grossglockner area (Piffalpe) on the north slope at 1500 m above sea level . The strain was isolated as previously described (Zhang et al., 2010). One of the pure cultures was yellow-pigmented and was designated S8-3 T . Strain S8-3 T was routinely cultured on R2A agar (containing 0.05 % yeast extract, 0.05 % peptone, 0.05 % Casamino acids, 0.05 % glucose, 0.05 % starch, 0.03 % sodium pyruvate, 0.03 % K 2 HPO 4 , 0.005 % MgSO 4 , 1.5 % agar; pH 7; Reasoner & Geldreich, 1985) at 20 u C, and stored as a suspension in skimmed milk (10 %, w/v) at 280 u C. Sphingomonas echinoides DSM 1805 T , Sphingomonas oligophenolica S213 T and Sphingomonas glacialis C16y T (5DSM 22294 T ; Zhang et al., 2011) were routinely grown on R2A agar at 20 u C and used as reference strains.DNA of strain S8-3 T was extracted and purified as described by Sambrook et al. (1989). The 16S rRNA gene was amplified by PCR (Margesin et al., 2012) with a pair of universal primers, 27F (59-AGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTC-AG-39) and 1541R (59-AAGGAGGTGATCCAGCCGCA-39). The amplification product was cloned into vector pGEM-T Easy (Promega), and the recombinant plasmid was propagated in Escherichia coli according to the manufacturer's instructions ...

Comprehensive Genome Analysis on the Novel Species Sphingomonas panacis DCY99T Reveals Insights into Iron Tolerance of Ginseng

“…The diversity of these transcriptional regulators and membrane transport proteins is a possible explanation for the distinct lifestyles of the Sphingomonas strains. Consequently, these results suggests that the 159 Sphingomonas species can live and adapt to diverse environment niches such as bacterial growth plates [46], seawater [47][48][49], alpine soil [50], spacecraft [51], and arctic-lichen [52]. The differences in these environmental conditions support a rationale as to why the core-genome is so small among these strains.…”

Sphingomonas profundi sp. nov., isolated from deep-sea sediment of the Mariana Trench

“…net/ sphingomonas. html), the genus Sphingomonas contains 131 recognized species isolated from various natural sources, such as air, soil [7][8][9], groundwater [10], marine bivalves [11] and freshwater sediments [12]. The present study reports on the taxonomic characterization of a Sphingomonas-like bacterial strain (designated LMO-1 T ) isolated from marine sediment.…”

Insights into the mechanisms of desiccation resistance of the Patagonian PAH-degrading strainSphingobiumsp. 22B

“…) soil, in cold (Margesin et al . ), extreme (Farias et al . ) and arid environments (Reddy and Garcia‐Pichel ).…”

“…Sphingomonas species are characterized by their large catabolic diversity, being able to degrade a wide range of natural and anthropogenic aromatic compounds (Stolz 2009). Members of this group are broadly distributed in nature and have been isolated from a variety of environments such as pristine (Lin et al 2012) and contaminated (Vacca et al 2005) soil, in cold (Margesin et al 2012), extreme (Farias et al 2011) and arid environments (Reddy and Garcia-Pichel 2007). Although there are some reports on physiology and responses to environmental factors in bacteria of the genus Sphingomonas (Fegatella and Cavicchioli 2000;Fida et al 2012), little is known about the responses used by these micro-organisms against the fluctuating availability of water in semi-arid Patagonia.…”