Spin-Labeling Studies on the Membrane of a Facultative Thermophilic Bacillus

Chan, May; Virmani, Y P; Himes, Richard H.; Akagi, J. M.

doi:10.1128/jb.113.1.322-328.1973

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…A decrease in the total amount of branched fatty acids with increasing growth temperature has been reported in several investigations of Bacillus species (4,8,44,47,52,56). This trend was most obvious in B. stearothermophilus (8,47,56) and was, in this species, accompanied by a drastic increase in the amount of n-C16.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

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Lipid and protein composition of membranes of Bacillus megaterium variants in the temperature range 5 to 70 degrees C

Rilfors¹,

Wieslander²,

Ståhl³

1978

J Bacteriol

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Membranes were prepared from four temperature range variants of Bacillus megaterium: one obligate thermophile, one facultative thermophile, one mesophile, and one facultative psychrophile, covering the temperature interval between 5 and 700C. The following changes in membrane composition were apparent with increasing growth temperatures: (i) the relative amount of iso fatty acids increased and that of anteiso acids decreased, the ratio of iso acids to anteiso acids being 0.34 at 50C and 3.95 at 700C, and the pair iso/anteiso acids thus seemed to parallel the pair saturated/unsaturated acids in their ability to regulate membrane fluidity; (ii) the relative amount of long-chain acids (016 to C18) increased fivefold over that of short-chain acids (014 and C15) between 5 and 700C; (iii) the relative amount of phosphatidylethanolamine increased, and this phospholipid accordingly dominated in the thermophilic strains, whereas diphosphatidylglycerol was predominant in the two other strains; and (iv) the ratio of micromoles of phospholipid to milligrams of membrane protein increased threefold between 5 and 700C. Moreover, a quantitative variation in membrane proteins was evident between the different strains. Briefly, membrane phospholipids with higher melting points and packing densities appeared to be synthesized at elevated growth temperatures. Most microorganisms alter their membrane composition in response to changes in the environmental temperature. The physical properties of the membrane lipid bilayer are believed to be important for this temperature adaptation. Escherichia coli thus maintains a nearly constant fluidity of its membrane lipids over its entire temperature range of growth, a process called "homeoviscous adaptation" (45). The mechanism, in this case, involves the production of membrane lipids containing a higher proportion of saturated fatty acids relative to unsaturated ones at higher temperatures.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…The fatty acid compositions of lipids from Bacillus species grown at different temperatures have been investigated (4,8,22,44,47,52,56). The species most commonly used was B. stearothermophilus.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid and protein composition of membranes of Bacillus megaterium variants in the temperature range 5 to 70 degrees C

Rilfors¹,

Wieslander²,

Ståhl³

1978

J Bacteriol

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“…Brock (19) has suggested that changes of this nature might therefore provide the organism with a more stable membrane. A recent study using spin-labeling techniques (34,35) suggested that membranes prepared from facultative thermophiles grown at 55 C are more rigid than the membranes of cells grown at 37 C. Another study (102) including the same organism demonstrated significant differences in the cell walls of cells grown at 37 and 55 C. Differences were found in chemical composition, susceptibility to lysozyme, and morphological changes observable by electron microscopy. These studies support Brock's hypothesis and suggest that differences do occur in the membranes and cell walls of thermophiles and mesophiles.…”

Section: Lipids Heilbrunn (59) Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteins from thermophilic microorganisms.

Singleton¹,

Amelunxen²

1973

Bacteriological Reviews

122

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“…However, the ratios of isoto anti-iso-branched-chain fatty acids in these samples also increased with distance from the injection site. This ratio has been found to increase when facultatively thermophilic bacilli are exposed to increasing temperatures (8,43). High hydrostatic pressures may also induce changes in the fatty acids of bacteria, but they lead to an increase in the unsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio (15).…”

Section: Downloaded Frommentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Biomass, Activity, and Community Structure of Water and Particulates Retrieved by Backflow from a Waterflood Injection Well

McKinley

Costerton

White

1988

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Oil field injection water was allowed to back flow from two wells at the Packard drill site in Los Angeles, Calif., and was sampled at various times to obtain information about the biomass, potential activity, and community structure of the microbiota in the reservoir formation and in the injection water. Biomass was greatest in water samples that came from the zone near the injection site and dropped off sharply in subsequent samples, which were assumed to come from zones farther away from the well. Samples obtained from near the well also had visible exopolysaccharide blankets, as seen in scanning electron microscopic preparations. In one of the wells that was sampled, rates of glucose or acetate incorporation into microbial lipids correlated with biomass; but in the other well, activities correlated with the sampling time (volume of water that back flowed). Transmission electron micrographs showed a diverse, gram-negative bacterial population in a variety of physiological states. The analysis of the phospholipid ester-linked fatty acid profiles of the samples revealed consistently large proportions of 18:1o7c fatty acids, indicating the presence of many anaerobes, facultative organisms, or both. Proportions of cyclopropyl fatty acids and ratios of translcis monoenoic compounds increased with the volume of water that back flowed (analogous with the distance into the formation), while the ratio of unsaturated/saturated compounds decreased, possibly indicating higher levels of stress or starvation in the microbial communities farthest from the injection well. Greater than 90% of the total biomass was trapped on glass fiber filters, indicating that the microbiota were largely attached to particles or were clumped. These sampling techniques and analytical methods may prove useful in monitoring for problems with microbes (e.g., plugging) in waterflood operations and in the preparation of water injection wells for enhanced oil recovery by the use of microbes.

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Spin-Labeling Studies on the Membrane of a Facultative Thermophilic Bacillus

Cited by 13 publications

References 16 publications

Lipid and protein composition of membranes of Bacillus megaterium variants in the temperature range 5 to 70 degrees C

Lipid and protein composition of membranes of Bacillus megaterium variants in the temperature range 5 to 70 degrees C

Proteins from thermophilic microorganisms.

Microbial Biomass, Activity, and Community Structure of Water and Particulates Retrieved by Backflow from a Waterflood Injection Well

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