Spin Orbit Torque-Assisted Magnetic Tunnel Junction-Based Hardware Trojan

Kumar, Rajat; Divyanshu, Divyanshu; Khan, Danial; Amara, Selma; Massoud, Yehia

doi:10.3390/electronics11111753

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The MTJ has been utilized in implementing many aspects of hardware securities such as True Random Number Generators (TRNG) , Physically Unclonable Functions (PUF) [6], logic and future memory [8], hardware Trojan [35], Polymorphic Logic [30], Logic Obfuscation [31], etc. In this work, we use different MTJ devices and perform logic locking applications to explore the viability and applicability of such devices for future hardware security applications.…”

Section: B 2t/3t Magnetic Tunnel Junction (Mtj)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Logic Locking Using Emerging 2T/3T Magnetic Tunnel Junctions for Hardware Security

et al. 2022

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With the advancement of beyond CMOS devices, a new approach to utilize the inherent physics of such emerging structures for various applications is of great interest in recent research. Spintronics-based devices offer key advantages like ease of fabrication with Si-substrate, non-volatile memory, low operational voltage, and non-linear device characteristics, which have shown potential for several emerging fields of study. Hardware security is one of the key interest areas which heavily relies on CMOS-based ICs, and the defense and attack mechanism is mostly based on CMOS-based structures. This work explores several emerging structures based on 2T/3T magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJ) for possible logic locking applications in hardware security systems. We demonstrate the effect of MTJ-based devices to implement logic locking even in the presence of process variations, and its ability of robustness to device imperfections has been evaluated using monte carlo simulations for practical applications.INDEX TERMS CMOS technology, hardware security, logic locking, magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ), spintronics, spin-orbit torque (SOT), spin-transfer torque (STT), voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy (VCMA).

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Section: B 2t/3t Magnetic Tunnel Junction (Mtj)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Logic Locking Using Emerging 2T/3T Magnetic Tunnel Junctions for Hardware Security

et al. 2022

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“…In addition, they suffered from the well-known read-disturb challenge of resistive memories, [42][43][44][45] which reduces the CRP reliability if frequently used. Recently, PUF designs based on spin orbit torque (SOT) have also been proposed, [46][47][48][49][50][51] where the entropy comes from the variations of exchange bias in field-free perpendicular SOT devices, or from the stochasticity of the SOT-induced switching dynamics. A PUF based on voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy (VCMA) has also been recently proposed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconfigurable Physically Unclonable Functions Based on Nanoscale Voltage‐Controlled Magnetic Tunnel Junctions

Shao

Dávila

Ebrahimi³

et al. 2023

Adv Elect Materials

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With the fast growth of the number of electronic devices on the internet of things (IoT), hardware-based security primitives such as physically unclonable functions (PUFs) have emerged to overcome the shortcomings of conventional software-based cryptographic technology. Existing PUFs exploit manufacturing process variations in a semiconductor foundry technology. This results in a static challenge-response behavior, which can present a long-term security risk. This study shows a reconfigurable PUF based on nanoscale magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) arrays that uses stochastic dynamics induced by voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy (VCMA) for true random bit generation. A total of 100 PUF instances are implemented using 10 ns voltage pulses on a single chip with a 10 × 10 MTJ array. The unipolar nature of the VCMA mechanism is exploited to stabilize the MTJ state and eliminate bit errors during readout. All PUF instances show entropy close to one, inter-Hamming distance close to 50%, and no bit errors in 10 4 repeated readout measurements.

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“…Spin-based PUFs and TRNGs have recently been proposed to expand the potential usage of spintronics while providing a proper mechanism to build hardware security devices with characteristics beyond traditional CMOS technology. Authors in [13] discuss a SOT-MTJ-based hardware Trojan. References [14]- [22] evaluate the performance and reliability of CNT bundles for on-chip interconnect applications due to their large conductivity and current carrying capabilities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physically Unclonable Function Using GSHE Driven SOT Assisted p-MTJ for Next Generation Hardware Security Applications

et al. 2022

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The increasing threat of security attacks on hardware security applications has driven research towards exploring beyond CMOS devices as an alternative. Spintronic devices offer advantages like low power, non-volatility, inherent spatial and temporal randomness, simplicity of integration with a silicon substrate, etc., making them a potential candidate for next-generation hardware security systems. In this work, we explore the Giant Spin Hall effect (GSHE) driven spin-orbit torque magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) implementing physically unclonable function (PUFs). The effect of process variation is considered in key MTJ parameters like TMR ratio, free and oxide layer thickness following Gaussian distribution, and Monte-Carlo simulations to determine the effect of the process variations. A unique challenge-response (C-R) pair is obtained utilizing the inherent variations in magnetization dynamics of the free layer due to process variations.INDEX TERMS Giant spin Hall Effect (GSHE), hardware security, magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ), physical unclonable functions (PUFs), spintronic, spin-orbit torque (SOT).

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Spin Orbit Torque-Assisted Magnetic Tunnel Junction-Based Hardware Trojan

Cited by 14 publications

References 33 publications

Logic Locking Using Emerging 2T/3T Magnetic Tunnel Junctions for Hardware Security

Logic Locking Using Emerging 2T/3T Magnetic Tunnel Junctions for Hardware Security

Reconfigurable Physically Unclonable Functions Based on Nanoscale Voltage‐Controlled Magnetic Tunnel Junctions

Physically Unclonable Function Using GSHE Driven SOT Assisted p-MTJ for Next Generation Hardware Security Applications

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