Spin-polarized current switching of a Co thin film nanomagnet

Albert, F. J.; Katine, J. A.; Buhrman, R. A.; Ralph, D. C.

doi:10.1063/1.1330562

Cited by 364 publications

(232 citation statements)

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Section: ∇Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in a typical perpendicular geometry switching by spin-transfer torque 5 this does not have to be the case. To switch the magnetization by electrical spin-transfer torque 5 we need a typical charge current density of ≈5 × 10 11 A m −2 . The same stack should be able to switch by applying a temperature difference of only a few tens of degrees as earlier theoretical 14,16 and experimental 29 studies have indicated.…”

Section: ∇Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The discovery of the giant magnetoresistance effect 3 sparked the interest of the community in spin-dependent conductivity and new spin electronics that still exists today 4,5,8,18 . Owing to experimental difficulties in controlling heat flows it was only very recently that thermoelectric spintronics was investigated 19,20 , leading to the new field of spin caloritronics 13 .…”

Section: Van Weesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermally driven spin injection from a ferromagnet into a non-magnetic metal

et al. 2010

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Thermally driven spin injection from a ferromagnet into a non-magnetic metal Slachter, A.; Bakker, F. L.; Adam, J-P.; van Wees, B. J.Published in: Nature Physics DOI: 10.1038/NPHYS1767IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please check the document version below. Document VersionPublisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Publication date: 2010Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database Citation for published version (APA): Slachter, A., Bakker, F. L., Adam, J-P., & van Wees, B. J. (2010). Thermally driven spin injection from a ferromagnet into a non-magnetic metal. Nature Physics, 6(11), 879-882. https://doi.org/10.1038/NPHYS1767 Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons).Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. van WeesCreation, manipulation and detection of spin-polarized carriers are the key elements of spin-based electronics 1,2 . Most practical devices 3-5 use a perpendicular geometry in which the spin currents are accompanied by charge currents. In recent years, new sources of pure spin currents (that is, transport of spin angular momentum without charge currents) have been demonstrated 6-9 and applied 10-12 . Here we demonstrate a conceptually new source of pure spin current driven by the flow of heat across the interface between a ferromagnet and a non-magnetic metal. This spin current is generated because, in a ferromagnet, the Seebeck effect-which describes the generation of a voltage as a result of a temperature gradient-is spin dependent 13,14 . We studied this new source of spin currents experimentally in a non-local lateral geometry and developed a three-dimensional model that describes the heat, charge and spin transport in this geometry, enabling us to quantify this process 15 . We obtain a spin-dependent Seebeck coefficient for Permalloy of −3.8 µV K −1 , suggesting that thermally driven spin injection is a feasible alternative for electrical spin injection in, for example, spin-transfer-torque experiments 16 .The interplay of spin-dependent conductivity and thermoelectricity has been known since half a century ago, when it was used to describe the conventional Seebeck effect of ferromagnetic metals 17 . The discovery of the giant magnetoresistance effect 3 sparked the interest of the community in spin-dependent conductivity and new spin electronics that still exists today 4,5,8,18 . Owing to experimental difficulties in controlling heat flows it was only very recently that thermoelectric spintronics was investigated 19,20 , leading to the new field of spin caloritronics 13 . A relevant example is given in ref. 9, which interpret...

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Section: ∇Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ∇Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Van Weesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermally driven spin injection from a ferromagnet into a non-magnetic metal

et al. 2010

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“…A simulation beyond our simple model might then be required for a quantitative description. Experimental values of R 0 I p for Co͉ Au nanopillars can be read off the figures published by different groups, amounting to ͑in mV͒ 19, 62 23.0, 63 and 22.5. 18,19 These numbers agree well with the following results.…”

Section: Relevance For Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermoelectric effects in magnetic nanostructures

et al. 2009

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We model and evaluate the Peltier and Seebeck effects in magnetic multilayer nanostructures by a finiteelement theory of thermoelectric properties. We present analytical expressions for the thermopower and the current-induced temperature changes due to Peltier cooling/heating. The thermopower of a magnetic element is in general spin polarized, leading to spin-heat coupling effects. Thermoelectric effects in spin valves depend on the relative alignment of the magnetization directions and are sensitive to spin-flip scattering as well as inelastic collisions in the normal-metal spacer.

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“…Such processes offer only limited selectivity between different materials and so, in order to terminate the process at a particular level, accurate timing or end-point detection is required. Nevertheless, ion-milling can be accurately controlled in practice so that, for example, one magnetic layer can be left unpatterned to form a point-contact geometry in which magnetostatic coupling is minimized [19,20]. Ion-milling also results in redeposition of sputtered atoms, which can coat the side walls of the nanopillars and potentially modify their electrical properties by, for example, short-circuiting a tunnel barrier.…”

Section: (B) Etch-back Patterningmentioning

confidence: 99%