Spinach curly top virus: A Newly Described <i>Curtovirus</i> Species from Southwest Texas with Incongruent Gene Phylogenies

Baliji, Surendranath; Black, M. C.; French, Ron; Stenger, Drake C.; Sunter, Garry

doi:10.1094/phyto.2004.94.7.772

Cited by 43 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…The viruses responsible for curly top diseases have been separated into three distinct species, based largely on sequence variation in select regions of the curtovirus genome, as well as some differences in host range and disease severity (22). With these species and more recently discovered species, the genus Curtovirus now comprises Beet curly top virus (BCTV; formerly the Cal/Logan strain), Beet mild curly top virus (BMCTV; formerly the Worland strain), Beet severe curly top virus (BSCTV; formerly the CFH strain), Horseradish curly top virus (HrCTV), and Spinach curly top virus (SCTV) (2,3,7,13,15,18,26). Recombination has also been suggested to have played a part in the evolution of species in this group (2,6,9,15,20).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…With these species and more recently discovered species, the genus Curtovirus now comprises Beet curly top virus (BCTV; formerly the Cal/Logan strain), Beet mild curly top virus (BMCTV; formerly the Worland strain), Beet severe curly top virus (BSCTV; formerly the CFH strain), Horseradish curly top virus (HrCTV), and Spinach curly top virus (SCTV) (2,3,7,13,15,18,26). Recombination has also been suggested to have played a part in the evolution of species in this group (2,6,9,15,20). BCTV may have arisen by recombination between a whitefly-transmitted geminivirus, which may have donated the complementary genes involved in virus replication, and a leafopper-transmitted geminivirus, which donated the coat protein gene (20).…”

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Curly Top Survey in the Western United States

Strausbaugh

Wintermantel²,

Gillen³

et al. 2008

Phytopathology®

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Curly top in sugar beet continues to be a challenging disease to control in the western United States. To aid in development of host resistance and management options, the curtovirus species composition was investigated by sampling 246 commercial fields along with nursery and field trials in the western United States. DNA was isolated from leaf samples and the species were identified using species-specific polymerase chain reaction primers for the C1 gene. Amplicons from 79 isolates were also sequenced to confirm identifications. Beet severe curly top virus (BSCTV) and Beet mild curly top virus (BMCTV) were widely distributed throughout the western United States, while only a few isolates of Beet curly top virus (BCTV) were found. In phylogenetic analysis, BSCTV, BMCTV, and BCTV isolates formed distinct groups in the dendrogram. Seven isolates not amplifiable with species-specific primers did amplify with curly top coat protein primers, indicating novel curtovirus species or strains may be present. Given the wide host range of the viruses responsible for curly top, frequent co-infections, and genetic diversity within and among species, establishing better host resistance, and controlling curly top will continue to be a challenge.

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confidence: 99%

Curly Top Survey in the Western United States

Strausbaugh

Wintermantel²,

Gillen³

et al. 2008

Phytopathology®

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“…Curly top disease (CTD) is economically important affecting many plant crops including common bean, pepper, spinach, sugar beet, cucurbits, and tomatoes (Baliji et al, 2004).…”

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A novel groel gene from the endosymbiont of beet leafhopper, Candidatus Sulcia muelleri

Nusayr¹,

Creamer²

2017

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

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Curtoviruses are transmitted by the beet leafhopper Circulifer tenellus, in a circulative (nonpropagative) manner. Curtoviruses are phloem-limited and are acquired by the vector during feeding. Sap-feeding insects harbor endosymbionts which can help provide essential nutrients required for the insects' survival. Candidatus Sulcia muelleri is an endosymbiont present in the beet leafhopper identified during this study. A housekeeping gene, groel, was identified from the endosymbiont. The groel gene sequence from this strain of Ca. S. muelleri differs from all other strains published in NCBI, suggesting the presence of a new strain, which was named S. muelleri beet leafhopper (SMBLH). A GroEL-homolog protein produced from groel was found in different vectors with circulative transmission. Analysis of nucleotide and translated sequences, using alignment, phylogenetic trees, and predicted secondary and tertiary structures showed that SMBLH GroHp has similarities to Escherichia coli GroEL and the GroEL-homolog proteins from Hamiltonella and Buchnera, endosymbionts of whiteflies and aphids, respectively. GroHp and GroEL were expressed as fusion proteins. Electron microscopy analyses indicate that purified expressed GroHp and GroEL proteins demonstrate correct folding.

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“…affecting sugar beet and vegetable agriculture in the western United States that were previously considered separate species are now recognized as strains of BCTV. These include California/ Logan (CA/Logan; also previously referred to as Beet curly top virus, California and Logan); Colorado (CO; also previously referred to as Beet curly top virus and pCO-95-6-31); Mild (Mld; also previously referred to as Beet mild curly top virus, 8-10, SLP1, BMCTVMexico, and MX-P24); Pepper curly top (PeCT; also previously known as Pepper curly top virus, BV3, and NM); Pepper yellow dwarf (PeYD; also previously known as Pepper yellow dwarf virus); Severe (Svr; also previously referred to as Beet severe curly top virus, CFH, and BCTV-I); Spinach curly top (SpCT; also previously known as Spinach curly top virus and Sp3); and Worland (Wor; also previously referred to as Beet mild curly top virus and Worland4) (Baliji et al 2004;Briddon et al 1998;Hernandez and Brown 2010;Lam et al 2009;Stenger 1994;Varsani et al 2014a;Velásquez-Valle et al 2008;Velasquez-Valle et al 2012). In addition to BCTV, there are two additional Curtovirus spp.…”

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Beet curly top virus Strains Associated with Sugar Beet in Idaho, Oregon, and a Western U.S. Collection

2017

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Curly top of sugar beet is a serious, yield-limiting disease in semiarid production areas caused by Beet curly top virus (BCTV) and transmitted by the beet leafhopper. One of the primary means of control for BCTV in sugar beet is host resistance but effectiveness of resistance can vary among BCTV strains. Strain prevalence among BCTV populations was last investigated in Idaho and Oregon during a 2006-to-2007 collection but changes in disease severity suggested a need for reevaluation. Therefore, 406 leaf samples symptomatic for curly top were collected from sugar beet plants in commercial sugar beet fields in Idaho and Oregon from 2012 to 2015. DNA was isolated and BCTV strain composition was investigated based on polymerase chain reaction assays with strain-specific primers for the Severe (Svr) and California/Logan (CA/ Logan) strains and primers that amplified a group of Worland (Wor)-like strains. The BCTV strain distribution averaged 2% Svr, 30% CA/ Logan, and 87% Wor-like (16% had mixed infections), which differed from the previously published 2006-to-2007 collection (87% Svr, 7% CA/Logan, and 60% Wor-like; 59% mixed infections) based on a contingency test (P < 0.0001). Whole-genome sequencing (GenBank accessions KT276895 to KT276920 and KX867015 to KX867057) with overlapping primers found that the Wor-like strains included Wor, Colorado and a previously undescribed strain designated Kimberly1. Results confirm a shift from Svr being one of the dominant BCTV strains in commercial sugar beet fields in 2006 to 2007 to becoming undetectable at times during recent years.Beet curly top virus (BCTV) in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is an important yield-limiting disease problem in semiarid production areas of the western United States and in Middle Eastern countries (Bennett 1971;Gharouni Kardani et al. 2013;Harveson 2015;Stenger and McMahon 1997;Strausbaugh et al. 2008;Yazdi et al. 2008). BCTV is transmitted in a persistent circulative manner by the beet leafhopper, Circulifer tenellus Baker (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), and can infect over 300 dicotyledonous plant species (Bennett 1971). Yield may be affected in important crops such as common bean, pepper, spinach, sugar beet, and tomato (Blickenstaff and Traveller 1979;Chen and Gilbertson 2009;Creamer et al. 1996;Soto and Gilbertson 2003;Soto et al. 2005). Several distinct, genetically characterized members of the genus Curtovirus have been confirmed as causative agents of curly top in sugar beet (Briddon et al. 1998;Gharouni Kardani et al. 2013;Heydarnejad et al. 2007Heydarnejad et al. , 2013Soleimani et al. 2013;Stenger 1998;Strausbaugh et al. 2008;Yazdi et al. 2008). However, reevaluation of the genus Curtovirus assigned most of these viruses formerly recognized as distinct Curtovirus spp. as strains of BCTV (Varsani et al. 2014a).Curtovirus isolates and strains with greater than 94% sequence identity are now considered variants of the same strain and those with 77% or less sequence identity are considered different species (Varsani et al. 2014a). There...

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Spinach curly top virus: A Newly Described Curtovirus Species from Southwest Texas with Incongruent Gene Phylogenies

Cited by 43 publications

References 54 publications

Curly Top Survey in the Western United States

Curly Top Survey in the Western United States

A novel groel gene from the endosymbiont of beet leafhopper, Candidatus Sulcia muelleri

Beet curly top virus Strains Associated with Sugar Beet in Idaho, Oregon, and a Western U.S. Collection

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