Spinal epidural empyema in a cat

Maeta, Noritaka; Kanda, Teppei; Sasaki, Takanori; Morita, Takehito; Furukawa, Toshinori

doi:10.1016/j.jfms.2010.01.015

Cited by 11 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Conventional myelograms showed obstruction of contrast medium columns in the thoracolumbar region in all cats. Lesions (e.g., empyema or epidural abscess) surrounding and circumferentially compressing the spinal cord may block or cause the nonappearance of contrast material on myelography . Intramedullary accumulation of contrast medium in the T12‐L3 spinal cord segment in a pattern similar to that observed in myelomalacia was observed in a G. paralysans case reported in Colombia .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

CLINICAL, IMAGING, AND PATHOLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS OF GURLTIA PARALYSANS MYELOPATHY IN DOMESTIC CATS FROM CHILE

Mieres¹,

Gómez²,

Lillo³

et al. 2013

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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Gurltia paralysans is a rare metastrongylid nematode of domestic cats that is found mainly in the veins of the spinal cord subarachnoid space and parenchyma. Endemic regions for G. paralysans mainly include Chile and Argentina. The ante mortem diagnosis of gurltiosis is difficult and based primarily on neurological signs, epidemiological factors, and the exclusion of other causes of feline myelopathies. The purpose of this retrospective case series was to describe clinical, imaging, and pathologic characteristics in nine domestic cats naturally infected with G. paralysans. Imaging tests included radiography, myelography, computed tomographic myelography (myelo-CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Neurological signs included paraparesis, paraplegia, pelvic limb ataxia and proprioceptive deficits, pelvic limb tremors, lumbosacral hyperesthesia, and tail trembling or atony. Complete blood count findings included a decrease in the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration value in eight cats. Eosinophilia in peripheral blood was observed in three cats, and thrombocytopenia was observed in three cats. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed mononuclear pleocytosis in five cases. Myelo-CT showed diffuse enlargement of the spinal cord at the midthoracic, lumbar, and sacral regions in all cats. Magnetic resonance image findings in the thoracic and lumbar region demonstrated multiple small nodular areas of T2 hyperintensity in the periphery of the spinal cord parenchyma. Localized intraparenchymal areas of increased T2 intensity were also observed in the thoracolumbar spinal cord and lumbosacral conus medullaris. In conclusion, G. paralysans should be considered as a differential diagnosis for domestic cats in endemic regions that have this combination of clinical and imaging characteristics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

CLINICAL, IMAGING, AND PATHOLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS OF GURLTIA PARALYSANS MYELOPATHY IN DOMESTIC CATS FROM CHILE

Mieres¹,

Gómez²,

Lillo³

et al. 2013

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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“…In our cases, three cats were believed to have haematogenous spread of infection from a distant site (case 1, chronic pododermatitis; case 2, skin abscess; case 3, cat bite wound) and one case (case 4) was considered to have contiguous infection from the tail base wound. All cats in this series were young (ranging from 3 months to 3 years old) and both cats in the previous reports were 2 years old (Granger et al 2007, Maeta et al 2010, making young age a possible risk factor for SEE. The active nature of young cats may make them more susceptible to acquiring fight wounds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…SEE is a rare condition in dogs and cats and only a few cases have been reported (Remedios et al 1996, Jerram & Dewey 1998, Cherrone et al 2002, Nykamp et al 2003, Lavely et al 2006, Granger et al 2007, Cross et al 2008, Maeta et al 2010, Sutton et al 2010, Monteiro et al 2016. Table 1 summarises previously reported SEE and our current cases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Human SEE is a rare medical emergency and accounts for 0•2 to 2/10,000 hospital admissions (Grieve et al 2000). It is even more rarely reported in animals, the majority have been in dogs (Remedios et al 1996, Jerram & Dewey 1998, Cherrone et al 2002, Nykamp et al 2003, Lavely et al 2006, Cross et al 2008, Sutton et al 2010, Monteiro et al 2016 and it has also been reported in two cats (Granger et al 2007, Maeta et al 2010. Clinical signs in dogs and cats are comparable to those in humans, varying from fever, spinal hyperaesthesia to spinal cord dysfunction (Hanigan et al 1990, Rigamonti et al 1999, Grieve et al 2000, Reihsaus et al 2000, Curry Jr et al 2005, Duarte & Vaccaro 2013.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment and outcome of spinal epidural empyema in four cats (2010 to 2016)

Guo

2018

J of Small Animal Practice

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This case series reviews previous publications and reports four feline spinal epidural empyema cases that presented with non-ambulatory thoracolumbar myelopathy. Two cats underwent myelography and two MRI. Bacteria were obtained in three cases, in two from epidural abscesses and from a tail base wound in one; histopathological examination of epidural tissue showed pyogranulomatous changes in the remaining cat. Three cats were treated by surgical decompression plus antimicrobial therapy and one cat was treated medically. All cats showed satisfactory improvement following treatment over a follow-up period of 3 months. Spinal epidural empyema is a rare condition but all cats in this series had favourable outcomes.

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“…16 However, radiographic changes can take weeks to months to become detectable, thereby delaying diagnosis. 2,3,16 Ultrasonography may serve as an adjunctive imaging technique in horses with vertebral osteomyelitis. 2,3,16 Ultrasonography may serve as an adjunctive imaging technique in horses with vertebral osteomyelitis.…”

Section: Commentsmentioning

confidence: 99%