Spinal infections in children: A review

Tyagi, Rahul

doi:10.1016/j.jor.2016.06.005

Cited by 51 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…There are slight differences regarding the microbiology of spinal infections in children; in this age group, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus spp. are the most common pathogens, while another common isolate for spondylodiscitis or discitis in children is Kingella kingae [65]. The reason for the more frequent report of Kingella kingae as an etiologic factor for osteoarticular infections in children is because now this pathogen can be more easily detected.…”

Section: Microbiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Spinal Infections: An Update

et al. 2020

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Spinal infection poses a demanding diagnostic and treatment problem for which a multidisciplinary approach with spine surgeons, radiologists, and infectious disease specialists is required. Infections are usually caused by bacterial microorganisms, although fungal infections can also occur. The most common route for spinal infection is through hematogenous spread of the microorganism from a distant infected area. Most patients with spinal infections diagnosed in early stages can be successfully managed conservatively with antibiotics, bed rest, and spinal braces. In cases of gross or pending instability, progressive neurological deficits, failure of conservative treatment, spinal abscess formation, severe symptoms indicating sepsis, and failure of previous conservative treatment, surgical treatment is required. In either case, close monitoring of the patients with spinal infection with serial neurological examinations and imaging studies is necessary.

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Section: Microbiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Spinal Infections: An Update

et al. 2020

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“…The spinal infection begins in the vertebral body near to the endplate in the form of microabscesses, through the vascular channels the infection spreads from the endplate to the disc, vertebral bodies, epidural space and paravertebral soft tissues [3].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Parenteral wide spectrum antibiotics for 3 weeks, followed by oral antibiotics are the treatment of choice in spondylodiscitis. Surgical treatment is recommended for immunocompromised patients or in cases of major vertebral body destruction with consecutive instability, epidural abscess or progressive neurological impairment [3].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of all infectious bone diseases, the prevalence of spondylodiscitis is 2-4% in children less than 3 years of age [2] and the incidence of all spinal infections in people aged less than 20 years is 0,3 per 100,000 cases per year [3]. The symptoms in children usually are refuse to sit or walk, but in most cases are unspecific and delay the diagnosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Case of Spondylolysis and Spondylodiscitis in a Child

Guarnizo¹,

Bermúdez²,

Useche³

2017

IJRRT

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Spondylolysis is a common reason of low back pain in children and adolescents, which can be caused by some predisposing factors and also is associated with some environmental factors. On the other hand spondylodiscitis is an uncommon diagnosis in children caused by different agents and according to the configuration of the vertebrae and adjacent structures in children the mechanism of pathogenesis is different from adults. We present a case of spondylolysis and spondylodiscitis in a 3-year-old girl with low back pain.Keywords: Spondylolysis; Spondylodiscitis; Magnetic resonance imaging

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“…By the end of nineteenth century, according to Makins and Abbot's study, the reported death rate of pyogenic spondylitis in children and other young patients could reach 70% [2]. A significant change in the prognosis of the affected children was then achieved with the use of antibiotics [3]. The proportion of thoraco-lumbar spondylitis accounts for over 80% of vertebral infection [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Percutaneous endoscopic debridement with percutaneous pedicle screw fixation for lumbar pyogenic spondylodiscitis: a preliminary study

Duan

Qin

et al. 2019

International Orthopaedics (SICOT)

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Purpose To access the feasibility and efficacy of percutaneous endoscopic debridement (PED) combined with percutaneous pedicle screw fixation (PPSF) in the treatment of lumbar pyogenic spondylodiscitis. Methods Forty-five patients diagnosed as pyogenic spondylodiscitis underwent PPSF followed by PED. A drainage catheter was left in place for negative pressure drainage. Adequate systematic antibiotics were administered empirically or based on bacterial culture results. Clinical outcomes were assessed by physical examination, regular serologic testing, visual analog scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and imaging studies. Results The mean operative time was 110.1 ± 21.2 minutes (range 80-165 minutes), with intra-operative blood loss 47.8 ± 21.0 ml (range 20-120 ml). All patients reported relief of back pain, able to sit up, and partially ambulate the next day. Causative pathogens were identified in 32 of 45 biopsy specimens, staphylococcal bacteria being the most prevalent strain. However, there were 13 patients with post-operative complications. During 6-12 months' follow-up, inflammatory markers showed infection controlled. VAS and ODI values were significantly improved. Discussion Satisfactory clinical and functional outcomes were achieved in our patients post-operatively. It is recommended that PED plus PPSF can be another alternative for spondylodiscitis. Conclusion PED supplementing PPSF offers a valid option in treating spondylodiscitis, as it is minimally invasive, shortens hospital stay, and avoids prolonged bed rest with an optimistic outcome.

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Spinal infections in children: A review

Cited by 51 publications

References 48 publications

Spinal Infections: An Update

Spinal Infections: An Update

A Case of Spondylolysis and Spondylodiscitis in a Child

Percutaneous endoscopic debridement with percutaneous pedicle screw fixation for lumbar pyogenic spondylodiscitis: a preliminary study

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