Spirooxazine Photoisomerization and Relaxation in Polymer Matrices

Larkowska, Maria; Wuebbenhorst, M. R.; Kucharski, S.

doi:10.1155/2011/627195

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…A large dipole moment increases interactions of the dye molecule with the surrounding matrix and hence affects dye kinetics. Larkowska et al [21] observed that the relaxation reaction appeared to be slower when the dipolar interactions were more pronounced. Therefore, the large dipole moment of the spirooxazine dye molecules and their consequent higher polarity during isomerization may influence their behavior in relation to the matrix more compared to RR prints.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Color Performance, Durability and Handle of Inkjet-Printed and UV-Cured Photochromic Textiles for Multi-Colored Applications

Seipel

Viková

et al. 2019

Fibers Polym

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The development and design of novel functional and smart textile materials such as textile sensors and multicolored systems based on photochromic dyes necessitate controls of color intensities, switching speeds, and material durability. Precise control and synchronization of dye kinetics are important for multi-colored photochromic applications especially. However, durability towards abrasion and washing should not be compromised on if we aim to design reliable future textile products. In this study, two different commercial photochromic dyes -a naphthopyran and a spirooxazine-based dye -have been applied on PET fabric by inkjet printing and UV-LED curing. The photochromic textiles' color behavior, fastness to abrasion and washing, and handle are evaluated using spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy, and Kawabata evaluation system. Despite a decrease in color performance after washing, the photochromic inkjet print is effective and barely influences the textile structure. Reduced rigidity of the host matrix promoted higher color yields and faster dye kinetics, but also improved durability towards abrasion and washing. In order to synchronize kinetics of the different dye types for multi-colored applications, distinct curing conditions are preferable, which, however, result in varying print durability. In the design of multi-colored photochromic textiles, dye kinetics, and durability have to be balanced.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Color Performance, Durability and Handle of Inkjet-Printed and UV-Cured Photochromic Textiles for Multi-Colored Applications

Seipel

Viková

et al. 2019

Fibers Polym

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“…Self-reporting materials are capable of showing a measurable, often visible indication of the conditions they have been subjected to. Spiropyrans are molecular switches that undergo a reversible molecular transformation to a merocyanine (MC) form in response to different stimuli such as mechanical stress, − light, and heat and thereby showing a color change. , As the intensity of the color is linked to the amount of active molecules present, spiropyran should be an ideal self-reporting material. , Several self-assembly, self-reporting materials and optical sensors based on spiropyran have been successfully produced. − In most of such systems, the spiropyran is either covalently linked to a polymer chain, − or grafted on metallic surfaces. − Most known systems of spiropyran as a mechanical stress indicator require its covalent incorporation into the main chain or as cross-links of the polymer. − This results in long synthesis routes from commercially available starting materials to the final product, thus complicating the scale-up process. , There have been examples of studies on the mechanical sensitivity of spiropyran derivatives in crystal form, illustrating mechanochromic switching under high hydro static pressure. − This implies that spiropyran can be used as an additive in the polymer composite system and would provide a more cost-effective solution. − Photoinduced mechanical switching of spiropyran in a composite system has been demonstrated in poly(ethyl methacrylate- co -methyl acrylate) (PEMMA) films . These films were produced by blending 3 wt % of spiropyran, and the stiffness of the material was altered by the photoinduced switching.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light, Force, and Heat: A Multi-Stimuli Composite that Reveals its Violent Past

Shree

Schulz‐Senft

Alsleben

et al. 2017

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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A self-reporting polythiourethane/tetrapodal-ZnO (PTU/T-ZnO) composite is produced using spiropyran as an additive at a concentration as low as 0.5 wt %. Exposure to heat, UV light and mechanical force caused the spiropyran to undergo reversible isomerization indicated by a reversible color change. The studies have been conducted with a constant spiropyran concentration at 0.5 wt %, meanwhile varying the T-ZnO concentration from 0 to 7.5 wt %. The tetrapodal ZnO served as a prism: the light scattering effect of T-ZnO created a visual impression of uniform color distribution. The interconnected network of the tetrapodal of ZnO embedded in the PTU matrix enhanced the mechanical stability of the polymer leading to high impact resistance up to ∼232 kPa. PTU/spiropyran also emerged as a possible thermal sensing coating, due to its temperature sensitivity. Due to the broad green luminescence band (∼535 nm) in T-ZnO, the colored merocyanine form which absorbs in this region of the spectrum switches back to spiropyran at this wavelength. High concentrations of T-ZnO were shown to reduce the effect one of the switching triggers i.e., ultraviolet light. Using this property of T-ZnO it was possible to achieve a switchable system with the possibility of separating the stimuli.

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“…Among the different photochromic dyes, spirooxazine have been extensively investigated due to their high fatigue resistance [9,10].Spirooxazine reversible photo transformation mechanism involves photochemical process of ring opening of spirocompound yielding merocyanines and thermal or photochemical relaxation process of merocyanines closing ring [11]. The process of reversible isomerization is present in figure 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical behavior of spirooxazine incorporated vinyl functional silicates thin film under UV irradiation

et al. 2013

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Photochromic film of Spirooxazine-incorporated organosillicates material was prepared by sol-gel method and deposited on quartz substrate. The film was examined through the variation of UV irradiation power and exposure time for optical behavior characterizations. Investigations have been carried out by UV-Vis spectrophotometry and spectroscopic reflectometry. It was found that the absorption spectra of film at the region of 230-250nm were decreased indicating the reduction of C=C to C-C bond with increased of power and exposure time of UV irradiation were increased. On the other hand, we observed that the photo transformation absorption peak was also change at the region of 610nm to 620nm when different duration of UV irradiation applied. In addition, this UV curing process also increased the refractive index of film since the structures become compacted due to reduction of pore size volume in the system. Thus it will limit the film ability to performed photo transformation which will contribute to the reduction of film coloration upon UV irradiation. It is concluded that consideration of power and duration of UV irradiation is significant for designing the function of photochromic film in led their successful use in various applications.

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Spirooxazine Photoisomerization and Relaxation in Polymer Matrices

Cited by 13 publications

References 22 publications

Color Performance, Durability and Handle of Inkjet-Printed and UV-Cured Photochromic Textiles for Multi-Colored Applications

Color Performance, Durability and Handle of Inkjet-Printed and UV-Cured Photochromic Textiles for Multi-Colored Applications

Light, Force, and Heat: A Multi-Stimuli Composite that Reveals its Violent Past

Optical behavior of spirooxazine incorporated vinyl functional silicates thin film under UV irradiation

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