Spirorchiid Infection in Olive Ridley Turtle,<i>Lepidochelys olivacea</i>(Eschscholtz, 1829) (Testudines: Cheloniidae), from Brazil

Jerdy, Hassan; Ribeiro, Rachel Bittencourt; Silva, M. A.; Medina, Raphael Mansur; Werneck, Max Rondon; Carvalho, Eulógio Carlos Queiróz de

doi:10.1645/15-801

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The histological examination of tissues provides valuable data and is particularly useful for cases in which small egg granulomas cannot be observed macroscopically (Glazebrook et al ., 1989; Gordon et al ., 1998; Stacy et al ., 2010). The main finding is an inflammatory reaction composed of multinucleated giant cells, although eggs can be found without an inflammatory response in some cases (Jerdy et al ., 2016). The severe consequences of spirorchiidiosis are aneurysm, endocarditis, arteritis, embolism and thrombosis (Glazebrook et al ., 1989; Gordon et al ., 1998; Stacy et al ., 2010; Werneck et al ., 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocular spirorchiidiosis in sea turtles from Brazil

Jerdy

Werneck²,

Goldberg

et al. 2019

J. Helminthol.

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The causes of the beaching and death of sea turtles have not been fully clarified and continue to be studied. Mild, moderate and severe lesions caused by spirorchiidiosis have been seen for decades in different organs and were recently defined as the cause of death of a loggerhead turtle. In the present study, eyes and optic nerves were analysed in green sea turtles with spirorchiidiosis and no other debilitating factors. Injuries to the optic nerve and choroid layer were described in 235 animals (90%) infected with spirorchiids. Turtles with ocular spirorchiidiosis are approximately three times more likely to be cachectic than turtles with spirorchiidiosis without ocular involvement.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocular spirorchiidiosis in sea turtles from Brazil

Jerdy

Werneck²,

Goldberg

et al. 2019

J. Helminthol.

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“…All known transmission routes of Neorickettsia species in mammals are by secondary ingestion of infected digenean trematodes. A large variety of trematode parasites have been reported to infect different species of sea turtles in the Atlantic Ocean, including Kemp's ridley turtles and green turtles (Cribb et al, 2016;Innis et al, 2009;Jerdy et al, 2016;Stacy et al, 2017;Werneck & Greiner, 2018). It is likely that one of these trematode species is the vector of Candidatus N. cheloniidis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of a novel Neorickettsia species in a Kemp's ridley sea turtle with granulomatous nephritis and development of a quantitative PCR assay

Liguori

Stacy

Fischer

et al. 2022

Transbounding Emerging Dis

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An adult male Kemp's ridley turtle was found dead on the coast of Kenedy County, Texas, in August 2019 with bilateral severe, diffuse granulomatous nephritis. Pan‐bacterial 16S rRNA gene polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and amplicon sequencing of affected tissue indicated the presence of a Neorickettsia. Neorickettsia is a genus of obligate intracellular Alphaproteobacteria that are transmitted by digenean trematodes. For further characterization, primers were designed to amplify and sequence the groEL gene. Phylogenetic analysis found that the organism was distinct from other known species to a degree consistent with a novel species. Immunohistochemistry using an antibody directed against a Neorickettsia surface protein showed bacterial clusters within the renal granulomas. A species‐specific quantitative PCR was designed and detected the organism within the liver and colon of the index case. A quantitative PCR survey of grossly normal kidneys opportunistically collected from additional stranded sea turtle kidneys detected this organism in five of 15 Kemp's ridley turtles, two of nine green turtles, and neither of two loggerhead turtles. Recognition of this novel organism in an endangered species is concerning; additional work is underway to further characterize the potential of this organism as a pathogen of sea turtles.

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“…Adult spirorchiids and their eggs may cause a wide range of inflammatory reactions in the vascular system of their host being frequently implicated with stranding and death of sea turtles worldwide [4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Incidental findings of infection with or no associated diseases have also been described [11][12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of blood flukes (Digenea: Spirorchiidae) in sea turtles from Tyrrhenian and Adriatic Seas, off Italy

et al. 2020

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Background: The Spirorchiidae is a family of blood flukes parasitizing turtles. Spirorchiids may cause a wide range of inflammatory reactions in the vascular system of their host being frequently implicated with stranding and death of sea turtles worldwide. Recent studies revealed the presence of two spirorchiid species in the Mediterranean basin. Our study presents comparative epidemiological data of spirorchiid infections in loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) stranded during an eight-year period from Adriatic and Tyrrhenian Seas, and the first report of Neospirorchis Neogen-11 in a green turtle (Chelonia mydas). Methods:We screened a total of 319 carcasses of loggerhead turtles stranded from January 2011 to December 2018 along the Tyrrhenian coast (n = 111) and the north-western Adriatic coast (n = 208) of Italy using traditional (copromicroscopy and histopathology) and molecular assays. Three green turtles from the Tyrrhenian coast were also included in the study. Results:A total of 56 (17.5%) loggerhead turtles and one green turtle (33.3%) were found to be infected with spirorchiid flukes. Amplification, sequencing of the ITS2 region of the ribosomal RNA gene cluster and BLAST analysis confirmed the presence of Hapalotrema mistroides and Neospirorchis Neogen-11 in 51 (16.0%) and 24 (7.5%) loggerhead turtles, respectively, and Neospirorchis Neogen-11 in an infected green turtle. Differences in prevalence of infection between the two sampling areas were found. Conclusions:The risk of spirorchiid infection in the Tyrrhenian Sea is lower than in the Adriatic Sea and in general the risk of infection in the Mediterranean is lower than in other geographical locations. Differences in the prevalence of infection between the two sampling areas were related to the differences of regional habitats supporting different abundance of spirorchiid intermediate hosts. A systematic monitoring to evaluate the progress of the infection is recommended, as well as studies on the occurrence and distribution of spirorchiid species from other Mediterranean areas.

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Spirorchiid Infection in Olive Ridley Turtle,Lepidochelys olivacea(Eschscholtz, 1829) (Testudines: Cheloniidae), from Brazil

Cited by 7 publications

References 19 publications

Ocular spirorchiidiosis in sea turtles from Brazil

Ocular spirorchiidiosis in sea turtles from Brazil

Identification of a novel Neorickettsia species in a Kemp's ridley sea turtle with granulomatous nephritis and development of a quantitative PCR assay

Epidemiology of blood flukes (Digenea: Spirorchiidae) in sea turtles from Tyrrhenian and Adriatic Seas, off Italy

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