Spirulina Biomass‐Loaded Thermoplastic Polyurethane/Polycaprolacton (TPU/PCL) Nanofibrous Mats: Fabrication, Characterization, and Antibacterial Activity as Potential Wound Healing

Abstract

The development of antibacterial products with therapeutic properties has become a popular human health trend. Herein, for the first time, we described an effective antibacterial thermoplastic polyurethane/polycaprolacton (TPU/PCL) composite nanofibers loaded with the spirulina biomass by electrospinning method for wound care applications. The chemical, microstructural, mechanical, wettability properties and antibacterial activities of produced electrospun TPU/PCL/spirulina fibers with varied spirulina concentrations (1, 3, and 5 %, w/v to polymer solution) were investigated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV-VIS Spectroscopy, optical tensiometer and tensile testing machine. The SEM micrographs revealed that all resultant fibers have an average fiber diameter of 228-312 nm and a significant porosity (86-90 %). FT-IR spectrum pointed out no chemical bonding between spirulina and polymer matrixes.Increasing the spirulina content caused an increased swelling capacity of the nanofibers. Furthermore, TPU/PCL/spirulina samples indicated superhydrophilic property with contact angle values almost 36°, 0°, and 0°, respectively. The resultant TPU/PCL/spirulina fibers, released 36.89 ppm, 59.4 ppm, and 209.1 ppm of the spirulina after 8 hours, respectively and showing the effect of interactions between the TPU/PCL matrix and the spirulina on its release of the TPU/PCL matrix. Fluid absorption value have increased as incorporation of spirulina into the polymer matrix. All TPU/PCL/spirulina fibers and spirulina have antibacterial efficiency against E.colibacteria.TPU/ PCL nanofiber with the highest amount of spirulina (5 %) has the highest tensile strength with 3.89 � 0.19 MPa.The electrospun TPU/PCL/spirulina nanofibers appear to be a potential candidate material for tissue engineering and wound care applications, based on our results.

Development of PVA–Psyllium Husk Meshes via Emulsion Electrospinning: Preparation, Characterization, and Antibacterial Activity

“…A polymeric biomaterial is aimed to interact with biological systems in evaluating, repairing, restoring, or replacing any tissue, organ, or function of the body [ 8 ]. Polymers have great potential because of their chemical flexibility and a wide variety of physical and mechanical characteristics.…”

Multifunctional Drug- and AuNRs-Loaded ROS-Responsive Selenium-Containing Polyurethane Nanofibers for Smart Wound Healing

“…Enhanced water uptake tends to absorb the wound exudate, which helps keep the wound region dry and prevent possible infections . As shown in Table S1, the water uptake ratio of the drug-loaded nanofibers increased over time compared to PUF, which was hardly changed even after 72 h. The poor water uptake behavior of PUF is attributed to its hydrophobic nature . The more hydrophilic drugs and AuNRs are beneficial to enhance the hydrophilicity and water infiltration through a water insoluble barrier .…”

“…22 As shown in Table S1, the water uptake ratio of the drug-loaded nanofibers increased over time compared to PUF, which was hardly changed even after 72 h. The poor water uptake behavior of PUF is attributed to its hydrophobic nature. 23 The more hydrophilic drugs and AuNRs are beneficial to enhance the hydrophilicity and water infiltration through a water insoluble barrier. 24 The nanofibers are a matrix-based system, in which the drug is uniformly distributed and the infiltration of water leads to the swelling of the polymer matrix to some extent too.…”

Production and Characterization of Bio‐based Sponges Reinforced with Hypericum perforatum oil (St. John′s Wort Oil) via Pickering Emulsions for Wound Healing Applications

“…In other study, thermoplastic polyurethane/ polycaprolactone (TPU/PCL) nanofibers were fabricated via electrospinning. [21] The study showed all nanofibers can be a potential wound dressing material.…”

“…In their study, usinic acid – loaded pectin and sodium alginate (SA) biomaterials were casted into the polyester fiber. In other study, thermoplastic polyurethane/polycaprolactone (TPU/PCL) nanofibers were fabricated via electrospinning [21] . The study showed all nanofibers can be a potential wound dressing material.…”