Spirulina Protects against Hepatic Inflammation in Aging: An Effect Related to the Modulation of the Gut Microbiota?

Neyrinck, Audrey M.; Taminiau, Bernard; Walgrave, Hannah; Daube, Georges; Cani, Patrice D.; Bindels, Laure B.; Delzenne, Nathalie M.

doi:10.3390/nu9060633

Cited by 52 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 33 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Higher levels of Ruminococcus spp. have been observed in elderly humans and were associated with high frailty scores ( 47 ), while higher levels of Rikenellaceae have been shown in aged mice compared with adult mice ( 48 ). Interestingly, high fiber diets decreased both Ruminococcus spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Butyrate and Dietary Soluble Fiber Improve Neuroinflammation Associated With Aging in Mice

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aging results in chronic systemic inflammation that can alter neuroinflammation of the brain. Specifically, microglia shift to a pro-inflammatory phenotype predisposing them to hyperactivation upon stimulation by peripheral immune signals. It is proposed that certain nutrients can delay brain aging by preventing or reversing microglial hyperactivation. Butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) produced primarily by bacterial fermentation of fiber in the colon, has been extensively studied pharmacologically as a histone deacetylase inhibitor and serves as an attractive therapeutic candidate, as butyrate has also been shown to be anti-inflammatory and improve memory in animal models. In this study, we demonstrate that butyrate can attenuate pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in microglia in aged mice. It is still not fully understood, however, if an increase in butyrate-producing bacteria in the gut as a consequence of a diet high in soluble fiber could affect microglial activation during aging. Adult and aged mice were fed either a 1% cellulose (low fiber) or 5% inulin (high fiber) diet for 4 weeks. Findings indicate that mice fed inulin had an altered gut microbiome and increased butyrate, acetate, and total SCFA production. In addition, histological scoring of the distal colon demonstrated that aged animals on the low fiber diet had increased inflammatory infiltrate that was significantly reduced in animals consuming the high fiber diet. Furthermore, gene expression of inflammatory markers, epigenetic regulators, and the microglial sensory apparatus (i.e., the sensome) were altered by both diet and age, with aged animals exhibiting a more anti-inflammatory microglial profile on the high fiber diet. Taken together, high fiber supplementation in aging is a non-invasive strategy to increase butyrate levels, and these data suggest that an increase in butyrate through added soluble fiber such as inulin could counterbalance the age-related microbiota dysbiosis, potentially leading to neurological benefits.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Butyrate and Dietary Soluble Fiber Improve Neuroinflammation Associated With Aging in Mice

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For example, treatment with probiotic formulations containing Faecalibacterium prausnitzii , one of the main SCFA producers, was associated with improved liver anabolism and reduced systemic inflammation in mice [ 127 ]. Similarly, aged mice treated with spirulina, a cyanobacterium used as a food additive or supplement, experienced improvement in systemic biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress [ 128 ].…”

Section: The Rationale For a Possible Correlation Between Gut Micrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aging Gut Microbiota at the Cross-Road between Nutrition, Physical Frailty, and Sarcopenia: Is There a Gut–Muscle Axis?

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Inadequate nutrition and physical inactivity are the mainstays of primary sarcopenia–physiopathology in older individuals. Gut microbiota composition is strongly dependent on both of these elements, and conversely, can also influence the host physiology by modulating systemic inflammation, anabolism, insulin sensitivity, and energy production. The bacterial metabolism of nutrients theoretically influences skeletal muscle cell functionality through producing mediators that drive all of these systemic effects. In this study, we review the scientific literature supporting the concept of the involvement of gut microbiota in primary sarcopenia physiopathology. First, we examine studies associating fecal microbiota alterations with physical frailty, i.e., the loss of muscle performance and normal muscle mass. Then, we consider studies exploring the effects of exercise on gut microbiota composition. Finally, we examine studies demonstrating the possible effects of mediators produced by gut microbiota on skeletal muscle, and intervention studies considering the effects of prebiotic or probiotic administration on muscle function. Even if there is no evidence of a distinct gut microbiota composition in older sarcopenic patients, we conclude that the literature supports the possible presence of a “gut–muscle axis”, whereby gut microbiota may act as the mediator of the effects of nutrition on muscle cells.

show abstract

“…Spirulina is believed to be one of the most important and excellent healing and preventative nutrients in the 21st century for its comprehensive nutritional composition and remarkable therapeutic effect [ 8 ]. Therefore, among people with inflammatory diseases, insulin resistance, diabetes, and nonalcoholic fatty liver, Spirulina is recommended as a dietary supplement, and also has the effect of reducing drug toxicity [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulatory Efficacy of the Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids from Microalgae Spirulina platensis on Lipid Metabolism and Gut Microbiota in High-Fat Diet Rats

Liu

Wan

et al. 2018

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with photo-diode array detector and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry was employed to analyze the major fatty acids in Spirulina platensis 95% ethanol extract (SPL95). The effects of SPL95 on hepatoprotection were evaluated, including liver tissue histopathology, liver, and serum biochemical analysis. The active principle of SPL95 revealed a hypolipidemic effect, as indicated by down-regulating the mRNA and protein levels of sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor-1c, 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl coenzyme A reductase, acetyl CoA carboxylase pathway, and upregulating adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase-α in liver. SPL95 enriched the beneficial bacteria, including Prevotella, Alloprevotella, Porphyromonadaceae, Barnesiella, and Paraprevotella. Treatment with SPL95 led to a decrease in microbes, such as Turicibacter, Romboutsia, Phascolarctobacterium, Olsenella, and Clostridium XVIII, which were positively correlated with serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol levels, but negatively correlated with the serum high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol levels. These results provide evidence that the fatty acid from SPL95 may be used as a novel adjuvant therapy and functional food to regulate gut microbiota in obese and diabetic individuals.

show abstract

Spirulina Protects against Hepatic Inflammation in Aging: An Effect Related to the Modulation of the Gut Microbiota?

Cited by 52 publications

References 33 publications

Butyrate and Dietary Soluble Fiber Improve Neuroinflammation Associated With Aging in Mice

Butyrate and Dietary Soluble Fiber Improve Neuroinflammation Associated With Aging in Mice

Aging Gut Microbiota at the Cross-Road between Nutrition, Physical Frailty, and Sarcopenia: Is There a Gut–Muscle Axis?

Regulatory Efficacy of the Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids from Microalgae Spirulina platensis on Lipid Metabolism and Gut Microbiota in High-Fat Diet Rats

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About