Splendor in the Grasses

Kellogg, Elizabeth A.; Buell, C. Robin

doi:10.1104/pp.104.900281

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…12 000 years ago, from hunting and gathering communities to agricultural‐based societies (Salamini et al, ). Grasses provide over half of the world's caloric intake (Kellogg & Buell, ). Of particular importance in this regard are cereal grasses in the tribe Hordeeae (=Triticeae) with crops such as wheat, barley, and rye forming essential components of both human and domestic animal nutrition (Feuillet & Muehlbauer, ).…”

Section: The Plant Symbiontmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epichloë fungal endophytes and the formation of synthetic symbioses in Hordeeae (=Triticeae) grasses

Simpson

Faville

Moraga

et al. 2014

J of Sytematics Evolution

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This review examines two classes of organism that live in symbiosis; grasses, and fungi. Specifically it deals with grasses of the tribe Hordeeae (formerly Triticeae) of the subfamily Poöideae and the Epichloë fungi of family Clavicipitaceae. Epichloë endophytes, particularly asexual forms, have important roles in pastoral agricultural systems in the Americas, Australia, and New Zealand. Selected strains add value to some grass-based forage systems by providing both biotic and abiotic stress resistance. The importance of cereal grasses such as wheat, barley, rye, and oats to human and animal nutrition and indeed to the foundation and maintenance of human civilization is well documented. Both organism classes, Epichloë endophytes and cereal grasses, are of great importance in their own contexts. Here, we seek to review these two classes of organism and examine the possibility of bringing them together in symbiosis with the ultimate goal of improving cereal production systems.

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Section: The Plant Symbiontmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epichloë fungal endophytes and the formation of synthetic symbioses in Hordeeae (=Triticeae) grasses

Simpson

Faville

Moraga

et al. 2014

J of Sytematics Evolution

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“…The Poaceae family of grasses comprises over 600 genera and more than 10 000 plant species that belong to three major subfamilies, the Pooideae (wheat, barley, oat), the Panicoideae (maize, sorghum, sugarcane, switchgrass, and millets), and the Ehrhartoideae (rice, cut grass, and veldt grass) (Bolot et al. , 2009; Kellogg and Buell, 2009). The Poaceae is an attractive group for comparative genomics because it includes many agriculturally important cereal crops with diverse native distributions and at least 35‐fold variation in genome size [e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative transcriptomics of three Poaceae species reveals patterns of gene expression evolution

Davidson¹,

Gowda²,

Moghe³

et al. 2012

The Plant Journal

214

202

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SUMMARYThe Poaceae family, also known as the grasses, includes agronomically important cereal crops such as rice, maize, sorghum, and wheat. Previous comparative studies have shown that much of the gene content is shared among the grasses; however, functional conservation of orthologous genes has yet to be explored. To gain an understanding of the genome-wide patterns of evolution of gene expression across reproductive tissues, we employed a sequence-based approach to compare analogous transcriptomes in species representing three Poaceae subgroups including the Pooideae (Brachypodium distachyon), the Panicoideae (sorghum), and the Ehrhartoideae (rice). Our transcriptome analyses reveal that only a fraction of orthologous genes exhibit conserved expression patterns. A high proportion of conserved orthologs include genes that are upregulated in physiologically similar tissues such as leaves, anther, pistil, and embryo, while orthologs that are highly expressed in seeds show the most diverged expression patterns. More generally, we show that evolution of gene expression profiles and coding sequences in the grasses may be linked. Genes that are highly and broadly expressed tend to be conserved at the coding sequence level while genes with narrow expression patterns show accelerated rates of sequence evolution. We further show that orthologs in syntenic genomic blocks are more likely to share correlated expression patterns compared with non-syntenic orthologs. These findings are important for agricultural improvement because sequence information is transferred from model species, such as Brachypodium, rice, and sorghum to crop plants without sequenced genomes.

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“…Arabidopsis is a eudicot and thus is separated by ~ 140 million years from monocot plants [ 21 ]. The major cereal crops Triticum, Hordeum, Oryza, Sorghum, and Zea are all monocot plants that supply over half of the calorific needs of the world population [ 27 ]. Given this demand, these cereals are grown all over the world and are therefore subject to vastly differential environmental conditions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Common and distinct organ and stress responsive transcriptomic patterns in Oryza sativa and Arabidopsis thaliana

2010

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BackgroundArabidopsis thaliana is clearly established as the model plant species. Given the ever-growing demand for food, there is a need to translate the knowledge learned in Arabidopsis to agronomically important species, such as rice (Oryza sativa). To gain a comparative insight into the similarities and differences into how organs are built and how plants respond to stress, the transcriptomes of Arabidopsis and rice were compared at the level of gene orthology and functional categorisation.ResultsOrgan specific transcripts in rice and Arabidopsis display less overlap in terms of gene orthology compared to the orthology observed between both genomes. Although greater overlap in terms of functional classification was observed between root specific transcripts in rice and Arabidopsis, this did not extend to flower, leaf or seed specific transcripts. In contrast, the overall abiotic stress response transcriptome displayed a significantly greater overlap in terms of gene orthology compared to the orthology observed between both genomes. However, ~50% or less of these orthologues responded in a similar manner in both species. In fact, under cold and heat treatments as many or more orthologous genes responded in an opposite manner or were unchanged in one species compared to the other. Examples of transcripts that responded oppositely include several genes encoding proteins involved in stress and redox responses and non-symbiotic hemoglobins that play central roles in stress signalling pathways. The differences observed in the abiotic transcriptomes were mirrored in the presence of cis-acting regulatory elements in the promoter regions of stress responsive genes and the transcription factors that potentially bind these regulatory elements. Thus, both the abiotic transcriptome and its regulation differ between rice and Arabidopsis.ConclusionsThese results reveal significant divergence between Arabidopsis and rice, in terms of the abiotic stress response and its regulation. Both plants are shown to employ unique combinations of genes to achieve growth and stress responses. Comparison of these networks provides a more rational approach to translational studies that is based on the response observed in these two diverse plant models.

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Splendor in the Grasses

Cited by 8 publications

References 42 publications

Epichloë fungal endophytes and the formation of synthetic symbioses in Hordeeae (=Triticeae) grasses

Epichloë fungal endophytes and the formation of synthetic symbioses in Hordeeae (=Triticeae) grasses

Comparative transcriptomics of three Poaceae species reveals patterns of gene expression evolution

Common and distinct organ and stress responsive transcriptomic patterns in Oryza sativa and Arabidopsis thaliana

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