Spline Smoothing

Turlach, Berwin A.

doi:10.1002/0470011815.b2a14034

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…While immediate habitat had no effect on behavior, we hypothesized that human population density might be relevant when calculated across a larger spatial scale. We therefore used a 2.5-minute resolution population density raster from the United Nations World Population Prospects (UNWPP, 2015 population densities adjusted to country totals) 37 to compare the effect of density across buffers of the following radiuses: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 200, and 300 km. In a simple human population density model that also takes regional variation into account (logit(prob) ~ human_pop_density + Latitude*Longitude), human population density had a significant effect across a wide range of spatial scales, but was strongest with ~20-50km buffers (black line in Extended Data Fig.…”

Section: Ecological Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate and urbanization drive mosquito preference for humans

Rose

Sylla

Badolo³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The majority of mosquito-borne illness is spread by a few mosquito species that have evolved to specialize in biting humans, yet the precise causes of this behavioral shift are poorly understood. We address this gap in the arboviral vector Aedes aegypti . We first characterize the behaviour of mosquitoes from 27 sites scattered across the species' ancestral range in sub-Saharan Africa, revealing previously unrecognized diversity in female preference for human versus animal odor. We then use modelling to show that this diversity can be almost fully predicted by two ecological factors -dry season intensity and human population density. Finally we integrate this information with whole genome sequence data from 345 individual mosquitoes to identify a single underlying ancestry component linked to human preference, with genetic changes concentrated in a few key chromosomal regions. Our findings strongly suggest that human-biting in this important disease vector originally evolved as a by-product of breeding in human-stored water in areas where doing so provided the only means to survive the long, hot dry season. Our model also predicts that changes in human population density are likely to drive future mosquito evolution. Rapid urbanization may drive a shift to human-biting in many cities across Africa by 2050.

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Section: Ecological Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate and urbanization drive mosquito preference for humans

Rose

Sylla

Badolo³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Different from previous studies, to examine the linear trend across levels of 25(OH) D, we further performed spline smoothing analysis and threshold effect analysis in the current study, which were relatively novel in studies examining the respondents' dose-response relationship between 25(OH) D and frailty. Instead of a priori assumptions, spline smoothing analysis is a form of mixed modelling based on the generalized additive model (GAM) [48], whereby a set of associated items, for example, 25(OH) D and frailty, can visually demonstrate the linear or curvilinear relationship by figures. The threshold effect analysis, which is based on the piece-wise regression model [49], can further examine whether this relationship is segmental.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and the risk of frailty among Chinese community-based oldest-old: evidence from the CLHLS study

Xiao

Cui

et al. 2020

BMC Geriatr

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Background Vitamin D deficiency has been linked to the risk of frailty. However, there are limited methods for evaluations of the potential association of vitamin D with frailty in a longevous (80+) population. The aim of this study was to examine the association between plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and the risk of frailty among the Chinese community based oldest-old. Methods Secondary analysis of data compiled in the 2011 wave of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (n = 1324) was performed. Frailty was assessed by the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (SOF) index. Multivariate logistic regression and spline smoothing with threshold effect analysis were performed to investigate the association between 25(OH) D level and the risk of frailty after adjusting for socio-demographic variables, health characteristics and confounding biomarkers. Results The mean age was 92.89 ± 7.92 years, and 844 (63.7%) participants were women. In all, data from 426 (33.2, 95% confidence interval, CI: 29.66–34.69) frail participants were recorded. After adjustment for confounding covariates, the level of 25(OH) D was significantly related to frailty. By spline smoothing with threshold effect analysis, a monotonically negative association between 25(OH) D and frailty was identified. Subgroup analyses revealed that the association did not differ by sex or age. Conclusions The 25(OH) D level was inversely associated with the risk of frailty among the Chinese community-based oldest-old.

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Spline Smoothing

Cited by 2 publications

References 41 publications

Climate and urbanization drive mosquito preference for humans

Climate and urbanization drive mosquito preference for humans

Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and the risk of frailty among Chinese community-based oldest-old: evidence from the CLHLS study

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