Split application of nutrients improve growth and yield of Huanglongbing‐affected citrus trees

Atta, Alisheikh A.; Morgan, Kelly T.; Mahmoud, Kamal

doi:10.1002/saj2.20310

Cited by 11 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Atta et al [47] found that trees treated with 2× the recommended Mn, Zn, and B in a foliar and ground application mix had improved root lifespan of field grown sweet orange trees. In addition, another study by Atta et al [48] found that split ground application of 224 kg ha −1 of N, foliar application of N at 9 kg ha −1 , and 9 kg ha −1 of ground applied Mn and Zn improved physiology and yield of field grown HLB-affected sweet orange trees.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Impact of Ground Applied Micronutrients on Root Growth and Fruit Yield of Severely Huanglongbing-Affected Grapefruit Trees

et al. 2022

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Citrus greening (huanglongbing, HLB) is a bacterial disease caused by Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) and vectored by the Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri) (ACP). No cure is yet available, and as a result, increased fertilizer applications continue to be a major management method used to prolong the productive life of affected trees. However, questions remain regarding proper fertilizer rates and in what form these nutrients should be applied to increase tree health and yield. Therefore, the goal of this study was to identify optimum micronutrient application forms and rates to increase root growth, canopy size and fruit yield as well as reduce leaf and root CLas cycle threshold (Ct) value of HLB-affected grapefruit trees (Citrus × paradisi Macfad). A large-scale field study consisting of six-year-old HLB-affected ‘Ruby Red’ grapefruit trees grafted on ‘sour orange’ (Citrus × aurantium) rootstock was conducted in the Florida Indian River District. Eight different treatments consisting of four granular and four liquid fertilizers with 1×, 2×, and 4× the current University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences recommended rates of boron, zinc, manganese, and iron were applied for three times a year (granular), biweekly (liquid), or weekly (liquid), for three years. Root density, length and diameter, root, and leaf CLas Ct value, canopy volume, visual HLB symptoms, and fruit yield were measured throughout the study. Regardless of treatment, tree health declined over time, and no significant impact on severely HLB-affected grapefruit tree health was detected within the three-year time frame of the study. This was the first study to solely compare the impact of ground applied micronutrient application rates and methods on HLB-affected grapefruit tree health in Florida’s Indian River District. More time would be needed to determine the potential benefits of increased micronutrient performance of HLB-affected grapefruit trees.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Impact of Ground Applied Micronutrients on Root Growth and Fruit Yield of Severely Huanglongbing-Affected Grapefruit Trees

et al. 2022

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“…Excessive application of P on sandy soils beyond the recommended rate in HLB-infected citrus groves could result in P leaching and runoff, which eventually plays a vital role in the eutrophication of surface water bodies [ 18 ]. However, in a split application study of essential nutrients conducted at Immokalee, FL during the 2017–2019 growing seasons, leaf P was within the optimum range without the addition of any P to the soil during any season of the study [ 19 ].…”

Section: Nutrient Management Of Hlb-infected Sweet Oranges Treesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Meanwhile, the leaf Mg concentration was below the optimum range in HLB-infected trees. However, putting Mg as thiosulfate on the ground increased the amount of Mg in the leaves and kept it within the best ranges [ 19 , 31 , 33 , 42 ].…”

Section: Nutrient Management Of Hlb-infected Sweet Oranges Treesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Boron tends to accumulate in the margins of older leaves because B moves along the transpiration stream and accumulates at the end of the transpiration stream [ 51 ]. Soil B decreased with Ca application to the soil [ 11 ], yet no significant effect was found with B application on leaf B concentration, and it was within the optimum ranges at the Lake Alfred, FL and Immokalee, FL sites [ 19 , 52 ].…”

Section: Nutrient Management Of Hlb-infected Sweet Oranges Treesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Integrated Water, Nutrient, and Pesticide Management of Huanglongbing-Affected Sweet Oranges on Florida Sandy Soils—A Review

Uthman

Atta

Kadyampakeni

et al. 2022

Plants

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Citrus greening (huanglonbing (HLB)) disease has drastically reduced citrus fruit production in Florida over the last two decades. Scientists have developed sustainable nutrient management practices to live with the disease and continue fruit production. Best pesticide management practices have been devised to reduce the spread of HLB by Asian citrus psyllid (ACP). However, soil application of excessive nutrients and the use of soil drench application of pesticides to huanglongbing-infected citrus groves have been a serious environmental concern since the recent development of resistance to some pesticides. It is important to understand the consequences of applying pesticides and nutrients beyond the recommended application rates with an inappropriate method for citrus growth and development. Alternatively, foliar sprays of some nutrients proved effective to meet plants’ requirements, and foliar sprays of effective insecticide products could provide an adequate mode of action for group rotation to minimize insecticide resistance by ACP and other pests. Sustainability in citrus production systems should include best management practices that improve pesticide and nutrient efficiency by including the total maximum daily load exiting the grove to reduce pesticide and nutrient exports into waterbodies.

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“…Thus, the use of precise irrigation scheduling and fertigation management strategies should be the focus of studies in stimulating citrus root improvement, water and nutrient uptake efficiency, and growth of HLB-infected citrus trees on Florida's sandy soils. Hence, split application of essential nutrients has been studied as a therapeutic effect in HLB-affected citrus trees so that nutrients will be available in the root zone during the entire growing season [5,16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and Temporal Nutrient Dynamics and Water Management of Huanglongbing-Affected Mature Citrus Trees on Florida Sandy Soils

2022

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Nutrients are vital for plant growth, development, and aid in disease control because nutrients affect host plant and pathogen interactions. Once a citrus tree is infected with the phloem-limited, Gram-negative bacteria, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), huanglongbing (HLB; citrus greening), it would fall under threat of survival as the disease has no known control mechanism discovered thus far. The objective of this study was to determine if split soil applications of essential nutrients improve the availability and accumulation, reduce leaching of these nutrients beyond the root zone, and promote root growth and water dynamics of HLB-affected citrus trees in the soil–plant–atmosphere continuum. Split soil applications of three N rates (168, 224, and 280 kg ha−1 year−1) were the main blocks. Micronutrients were randomly applied to the sub-blocks assigned in a split-split plot design, applied in three splits annually. The micronutrients were applied to foliage and soil as follows: foliar only 1× (1×), foliar 1× and soil-applied 1× (2×), and foliar 1× and soil-applied 2× (3×)× (1× = 9 kg ha−1 year−1 of Mn and Zn to each foliar and soil along with 2.2 kg ha−1 year−1 of B). Significant soil NH4-N and NO3-N, Zn, and Mn were retained within the active soil root zone (0–30 cm). Higher soil acidity was detected when trees received the highest micronutrient rate in the upper soil layers (0–15 cm) as compared with the middle (15–30 cm) and the lowest (30–45 cm) soil layers. Fine root length density (FRLD) was significantly lower at the highest micronutrient rates, manifesting root growth negatively associated with high Mn and low soil pH. Invariably, the water dynamics: stem water potential (ψstem), stomata conductance (gs), and sap flow were also negatively affected when trees received foliar 1× and soil 2× (3×) treatment as compared with the other treatments. Split application of nutrients had a significant effect on FRLD growth, retaining soil-applied nutrients within the active root zone, and improved water use efficiency.

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Split application of nutrients improve growth and yield of Huanglongbing‐affected citrus trees

Cited by 11 publications

References 56 publications

Impact of Ground Applied Micronutrients on Root Growth and Fruit Yield of Severely Huanglongbing-Affected Grapefruit Trees

Impact of Ground Applied Micronutrients on Root Growth and Fruit Yield of Severely Huanglongbing-Affected Grapefruit Trees

Integrated Water, Nutrient, and Pesticide Management of Huanglongbing-Affected Sweet Oranges on Florida Sandy Soils—A Review

Spatial and Temporal Nutrient Dynamics and Water Management of Huanglongbing-Affected Mature Citrus Trees on Florida Sandy Soils

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