Spondyloarthritis: may the force be with you?

McGonagle, Dennis; Thomas, Rebecca C.; Schett, Georg

doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-203924

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(18 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Working from anatomical dissections and imaging studies, one group of investigators conceptualized the enthesis as an organ that comprises the ligamentous or tendi-nous insertion site itself along with adjacent tendon and the fibrocartilage, fat pad, bursa, and synovium, the primary purpose of which is to dissipate mechanical stress. 40 Although the basic trigger for the inflammation of spondyloarthritis remains unknown, several lines of evidence implicate the cells and molecules in the pathway involving interleukin-23 and interleukin-17. [41][42][43] In mice, entheseal-resident CD4+ and CD8+ T cells that respond to interleukin-23 by producing interleukin-17 and other proinflammatory cytokines were shown to mediate peripheral and axial enthesitis, linking the interleukin-23-interleukin-17 pathway to the spondyloarthritis phenotype.…”

Section: Enthesitis and Immunopathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Ankylosing Spondylitis and Axial Spondyloarthritis

2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

C hronic back pain is common worldwide and is cared for by a variety of providers, but specific, satisfactory treatment is often lacking. Ankylosing spondylitis, an inflammatory disorder that in its extreme form can lead to the bony fusion of vertebral joints, is an uncommon but well-established cause of chronic back pain. During the past decade, ankylosing spondylitis has come to be considered as a subset of the broader and more prevalent diagnostic entity referred to as axial spondyloarthritis. The estimated prevalence of axial spondyloarthritis in the United States is 0.9 to 1.4% of the adult population, similar to that of rheumatoid arthritis. 1 Axial spondyloarthritis is generally diagnosed and treated by rheumatologists, and there is specific treatment for it. However, prolonged delay in reaching the diagnosis is common and is usually the result of the failure of recognition by nonrheumatologists. 2 This review is intended to enhance awareness and understanding of axial spondyloarthritis and ankylosing spondylitis -and the relationship between the two -in order to facilitate prompt and accurate diagnosis and proper treatment. Recent advances in our understanding and treatment of these conditions are discussed.Concep t ua l His t or y a nd Cl a ssific ation

show abstract

Section: Enthesitis and Immunopathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Ankylosing Spondylitis and Axial Spondyloarthritis

2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Numerous studies associated with spur formation focus on SpA (McGonagle et al. ). Fewer studies implicate mechanical stress as a cause for this degenerative process (McGonagle et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fewer studies implicate mechanical stress as a cause for this degenerative process (McGonagle et al. ). Most of the literature involving enthesopathy has been focused on spur formation at the distal joints of the lower extremities (D'Agostino & Olivieri, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A morphological adaptation? The prevalence of enlarged external occipital protuberance in young adults

Shahar

Sayers

2016

Journal of Anatomy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Enthesophytes are bony projections that arise from the sites of ligament, tendon or joint capsule attachment to a bone. They are seen rarely in radiographic findings in young adults, as these bony adaptations are assumed to develop slowly over time. However, in recent years, the presence of an enlarged external occipital protuberance (EEOP) has been observed frequently in radiographs of relatively young patients at the clinic of the lead author. Accordingly, the aim of this project was to assess the prevalence of an EEOP in a young adult population. Analysis involved a retrospective analysis of 218 lateral cervical radiographic studies of 18-30-year-old participants. Group A (n = 108; males = 45, females = 63) consisted of asymptomatic university students, while Group B (n = 110; males = 50, females = 60) were an age-matched mildly symptomatic, non-student population. The external occipital protuberance (EOP) size was defined as the distance from the most superior point of the EOP (origin) to a point on the EOP that is most distal from the skull. To avoid ambiguity, the threshold for recording the size of an EOP was set at 5 mm, and an EOP was classified as enlarged if it exceeded 10 mm. Reliability testing was also undertaken. Results indicated that an EEOP was present in 41% of the total population, with 10% of all participants presenting with an EOP ≥ 20 mm. An EEOP was significantly more common in males (67.4%) than in females (20.3%), with the mean EEOP size for the combined male population (15 ± 7 mm) being significantly larger (P < 0.001) than for females (10 ± 4 mm). The longest EEOP in the male population was 35.7 mm, while in the female population it was 25.5 mm. Additionally, the mean EEOP size for Group A (14 ± 7 mm) was also significantly greater (P = 0.006) than that recorded for Group B (12 ± 6 mm). This study identified that an EEOP is a condition that is prevalent in the populations tested. The age of the populations, and the prevalence of EEOP, suggest that biomechanical drivers for this phenomenon may be the main reason for this condition in these populations.

show abstract

“…We read with great interest the editorial by McGonagle et al 1 on the recent study by Jacques et al 2 Jacques et al describe a series of elegant experiments in TNF ΔARE mice demonstrating that mechanical unloading by tail suspension alleviates peripheral arthritis and explore the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%