Spontaneous and Amino Acid-Stimulated Glucagon Secretion in the Immediate Postnatal Period

Sperling, Mark A.; DeLamater, Paul V.; Phelps, Dale L.; Fiser, Robert H.; Oh, William; Fisher, Delbert A.

doi:10.1172/jci107654

Cited by 127 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Due to the stress of the birth process mediated through the catecholamine surge, insulin level falls and there is a marked surge in plasma immunoreactive glucagon level (73,74) , leading to mobilisation of glycogen and neoglucogenesis (75) . The catecholamine surge also activates lipolysis and lipid oxidation, resulting in increases in the levels of glycerol and NEFA.…”

Section: Metabolic Adaptation and Glucose Homeostasis At Birthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breast-v.formula-feeding: impacts on the digestive tract and immediate and long-term health effects

2010

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The health benefits of breast-feeding have been recognised for a long time. In particular, breast-feeding is associated with lower incidence of necrotising enterocolitis and diarrhoea during the early period of life and with lower incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases, type 2 diabetes and obesity later in life. The higher nutritional and protective degree of human milk is related to its nutritional composition that changes over the lactation period and to the biological activities of specific components while lower growth rate of breast-fed infants may be attributed to their self-regulation of milk intake at a lower level than formula-fed infants. Many results now suggest that the developmental changes in intestinal and pancreatic function that occur postnatally are modulated by the diet. Indeed, formula-feeding induces intestinal hypertrophy and accelerates maturation of hydrolysis capacities; it increases intestinal permeability and bacterial translocation, but does not induce evident differences in microbiota composition. Whether these changes would be beneficial for enhancing absorptive capacities and for educating the gut-associated immune system remains to be further studied. Moreover, it is evident that formula-feeding increases basal blood glucose and decreases plasma ketone body concentrations, while discrepancies on postprandial glycaemia, insulin and incretin responses in both human studies and experimental studies are inconclusive. Manipulating the composition of formula, by reducing protein content, adding prebiotics, growth factors or secretory IgA can modulate intestinal and pancreatic function development, and thereby may reduce the differential responses between breast-fed and formula-fed neonates. However, the developmental responses of the digestive tract to different feeding strategies must be elucidated in terms of sensitivity to developing diseases, taking into account the major role of the intestinal microbiota.

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Section: Metabolic Adaptation and Glucose Homeostasis At Birthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breast-v.formula-feeding: impacts on the digestive tract and immediate and long-term health effects

2010

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“…b) lncreased plasma glucagon : insulin ratio. -During the immediate postnatal period there is a marked rise in plasma glucagon and a fall in plasma insulin in rats (Girard et al, 1973 ;Blazquez et al, 1974), rabbits (Callikan et al, 1979), and humans (Sperling et al, 1974). Similar changes occur in both fasted and suckled rat neonates (Girard et al, 1980), and high plasma glucagon and low plasma insulin prevail throughout the suckling period in rats (Blazquez et al, 1972 ;Beaudry, Chiasson and Exton, 1977 ;Girard et al, 1977).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis during development

Girard¹,

Duée²,

Ferré³

et al. 1985

Reprod. Nutr. Dévelop.

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“…There is considerable variability in glucose concentrations during this early postnatal period, both within individual neonates and among groups of neonates of different gestational ages and growth patterns. During this period, plasma insulin levels fall and plasma glucagon levels markedly rise from the baseline levels (Bloom & Johnston, 1972;Sperling et al, 1974). The stress of the birth process causes catecholamine surge.…”

Section: Wwwintechopencommentioning

confidence: 97%

“…With the decrease in blood glucose levels, plasma insulin levels decrease and plasma glucagon levels increase (Sperling et al, 1974). There is increase in serum levels of cortisol, epinephrine, and growth hormone levels as well.…”

Section: Metabolic Definitionmentioning

confidence: 99%