Spontaneous and bleomycin‐induced chromosome damage in non cancer thyroid patients

Scarpato, Roberto; Tusa, Ignazia; Antonelli, Alessandro; Fallhai, P; Sbrana, Isabella

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2362.2009.02214.x

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…This possibility is supported by the genotoxicity associated with radiations which were observed by several studies. Such studies have investigated the level of genome damage and micronucleus in thyroid cancer patients environmentally exposed to radiation after the Chernobyl fallout (Sbrana et al 2006 ; Tronko et al 2007 ; Cardis and Hatch 2011 ), after Fukushema in Japan (Medalia 2011 ), in patients affected by thyroid cancer who underwent radiotherapy (Livingston et al 1993 ; Gutierrez et al 1997 , 1999 ; Dardano et al 2007 ; Hooman et al 2008 ), and in people affected by thyroid nodules following occupational exposure to ionizing radiation (Brooks et al 2007 ; Scarpato et al 2009 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micronucleus frequency among Iraqi thyroid disorder patients

Al-Faisal

AL-Ramahi²,

Abdul-Hassan

2012

Comp Clin Pathol

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Micronucleus (MN) assay has been extensively used in detection of DNA damage, instability in cancer, and genetic disorders. In the current study, MN, binucleated cells, and nuclear division index (NDI) were investigated in Iraqi patients with thyroid disorders. The results indicated significantly (p < 0.05) increased binucleated cells with micronucleus (BNMN) frequencies in thyroid cancer group (37.58 ± 3.07) versus other thyroid disorder groups (6.60 ± 1.29, 14.90 ± 1.69, 15.56 ± 1.76). On the other hand, the frequency of micronucleus per 1,000 and the NDI were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in hypothyroidism (MN 1.55 ± 0.36) (NDI 0.009 ± 0.001) versus other thyroid disorder groups (MN: 6.05 ± 0.97, 6.09 ± 0.53, 5.34 ± 0.56) (NDI: 0.049 ± 0.003, 0.032 ± 0.002, 0.025 ± 0.002), with no difference versus healthy group (0.0 ± 0.0). The number of BNMN and MN are parallel to the severity of thyroid disorders which were 6.60 ± 1.29, 14.90 ± 1.69, 15.56 ± 1.76, and 37.58 ± 3.07 for hypothyroidism, thyroid toxic goiter, thyroid nontoxic goiter, and thyroid cancer, respectively. The number of BNMN and MN are parallel to the severity of thyroid disorders which were 6.60 ± 1.29, 14.90 ± 1.69, 15.56 ± 1.76, and 37.58 ± 3.07 for hypothyroidism, thyroid toxic goiter, thyroid nontoxic goiter, and thyroid cancer, respectively. The results also indicate that there were no significant differences among age and sex groups as related with BNMN formation within each thyroid disorder groups and healthy control group.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micronucleus frequency among Iraqi thyroid disorder patients

Al-Faisal

AL-Ramahi²,

Abdul-Hassan

2012

Comp Clin Pathol

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“…Some researchers have already successfully employed the ␥-H2AX assay to identify the presence of DSB induced by mutagens or carcinogens in human cell lines (25), to study the progression of a cell tissue from normal to neoplastic (26,27), and to assess the DNA damage in subjects who have undergone diagnostic or radiotherapeutic exposure to ionizing radiation (28 -30). In addition, MN analysis has been used to detect chromosomal anomalies in peripheral lymphocytes of people affected by chronic autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, or endocrine-metabolic syndromes (22,(31)(32)(33)(34)(35). Some researchers indicated that a prolonged mitogenic stimulation of T lymphocytes by PHA generated an oxidative burst, inducing a high level of endogenous DSB (36).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We postulate, as supported by other studies, that the overweight/obesity condition, through induced metabolic alteration, mitochondrion malfunctioning, and an altered redox enzyme system, can lead to an imbalance in plasma and intracellular antioxidant/prooxidant activities, predisposing cells to produce an effective increase of reactive oxygen or nitrogen species (5,(52)(53)(54) which, in turn, generates DNA lesions. In this view, two recent studies pointed out that hypothyroid patients, who were nonetheless characterized by an excess of oxidative metabolism, showed more micronucleated lymphocytes than hyperthyroid or euthyroid subjects (22), and cultured in vitro cells supplemented with antioxidants significantly decreased the TNF-␣-induced genetic damage (47). In addition, obese patients may undergo increased levels of basal oxidative metabolism due, for example, to an intrinsic overfunctioning of the intracellular prooxidant apparatus that would lead to an overproduction of free radicals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As described in details elsewhere (22), lymphocytes were harvested at the end of cell culturing by a 4-min centrifugation at 2400 rpm, treated with 10 ml of 0.075 mM KC1 for a few min to lyse erythrocytes, prefixed in methanol/acetic acid (3:5), fixed in 100% methanol, washed twice in methanol/ acetic acid (7:1), and dropped onto clean glass slides. The air-dried slides were then stained in 5% Giemsa.…”

Section: Mn Assay In Cytochalasin B-blocked Peripheral T Lymphocytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nuclear damage in peripheral lymphocytes of obese and overweight Italian children as evaluated by the γ‐H2AX focus assay and micronucleus test

et al. 2010

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Childhood obesity, often characterized by a chronic low-grade inflammation, has been associated with an increased risk of developing some types of cancer later in life. Nuclear γ-H2AX foci represent the first detectable response of cells to DNA tumorigenesis lesions, such as the double-strand breaks (DSBs). An excess of micronucleated peripheral lymphocytes was found in subjects with cancer or inflammation-based diseases. We set out to investigate the expression of genome damage, from DNA lesions to chromosome mutations (micronuclei), in overweight and obese children. Using the γ-H2AX focus assay and micronucleus (MN) test, we analyzed peripheral lymphocytes from 119 Italian children classified as normal weight (n=38), overweight (n=20), or obese (n=61). Cultures treated with bleomycin (BLM) were also set up for each child in both assays to check functioning of the apparatus that ensures DNA integrity. We measured serum TNF-α, IL-6, and C-reactive protein (CRP) as markers of inflammation. Overweight and obese children had significantly higher levels of H2AX phosphorylation (0.0191±0.0039 and 0.0274±0.0029 γ-H2AXF/n) and increased MN frequencies (2.30±0.25 and 2.45±0.22‰) than normal-weight children (0.0034±0.0006 γ-H2AXF/n, and 0.92±0.12‰ MN), while all subjects responded to BLM induction, irrespective of their weight status. The fold increase of spontaneous MN frequencies in overweight and obese subjects was 2.5 and 2.7, respectively, well below the corresponding increase in the γ-H2AX foci (5.6- and 8.0-fold, respectively). IL-6 and CRP mean values were significantly higher in obese and overweight children than in controls. Here, we demonstrated that peripheral cells of overweight and obese children showed increased levels of DSBs, which were not completely repaired as part of them has been converted into micronuclei. Characterization of childhood obesity inflammation could be implemented using molecular markers of genome damage.

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“…Cytogenetic assay: Cytochalasin B (6 µg/mL; Sigma Aldrich, Milano, Italy) was added at 44 h to all culture tubes to block cell cytokinesis. As described in details elsewhere [30], lymphocytes were harvested at the end of cell culturing by 4 min centrifugation at 2400 rpm, treated with 10 mL of 0.075 mM KC1 for a few min to lyse erythrocytes, prefixed in methanol/acetic acid 3:5, fixed in 100% methanol, washed twice in methanol/acetic acid 7:1, and dropped onto clean glass slides. The air-dried slides were then stained in 5% Giemsa.…”

Section: Human Tumor Cells and Growth Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Effects of Saponin Fractions from Astragalus verrucosus in Tumor and Non-tumor Human cells

Facioni

Soares

Adinolfi

et al. 2018

Natural Product Communications

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Among natural chemicals used as cancer chemo-preventive and/or chemotherapeutic agents, saponins represent one of the most promising and interesting family of compounds. In this work, we aimed to elucidate the biological effects on human cells of six saponin fractions (SFs) obtained from in vitro cultures of Astragalus verrucosus Moris, a poorly characterized species. Interestingly, SF (3) showed a strongly inhibitory effect on the proliferation of human colon adenocarcinoma cell line (HCT116) via activation of a p53-dependent apoptotic pathway. In addition, SF (3) and the other SFs did not display genotoxic activity in human peripheral lymphocytes.

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Spontaneous and bleomycin‐induced chromosome damage in non cancer thyroid patients

Cited by 9 publications

References 39 publications

Micronucleus frequency among Iraqi thyroid disorder patients

Micronucleus frequency among Iraqi thyroid disorder patients

Nuclear damage in peripheral lymphocytes of obese and overweight Italian children as evaluated by the γ‐H2AX focus assay and micronucleus test

Biological Effects of Saponin Fractions from Astragalus verrucosus in Tumor and Non-tumor Human cells

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