Spontaneous Fracture in Thermally Strengthened Glass - A Review and Outlook

Karlsson, Stefan

doi:10.13168/cs.2017.0016

Cited by 29 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Note that in every case the rough inclusion's surface structure is clearly visible; besides the brass-like shine of the mineral 3 and the exactly elliptical shape, 4 this regular shape is an important identification criterion for the nickel sulphide inclusions, as already mentioned in Kasper (2018a) and e.g. in Karlsson (2017).…”

Section: Microscopic Study Of the Inclusions Identified To Be Nickel mentioning

confidence: 54%

“…The problem of nickel sulphide inclusions causing spontaneous cracking of thermally toughened glass is known since more than fifty years. Since that time, many papers have been published thereon; the state of the actual general knowledge is summarized in a well-founded review published recently by Karlsson (2017), but it cannot be ignored that some of the facts mentioned therein have to be looked at to be outdated; the present publication occupies with this, among others, in the summary. The exercise of writing a review paper shall, however, not be repeated here again and, to a certain extent, basic knowledge on the problematics of spontaneous breakage is expected from the reader.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Spontaneous cracking of thermally toughened safety glass Part two: Nickel sulphide inclusions identified in annealed glass

Kasper

Pyeonglae²,

Yuan³

2018

Glass Struct Eng

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The present paper is part two of a small series of three publications on spontaneous breakages of toughened glass. In part one, we deal with the detailed effects of the crystallographic and physical properties of the nickel sulphide species contained in those inclusions; we find that solely under this aspect, only c. 40% of the breakages in a Heat Soak Test (HST) according to, e.g., EN 14179-1:2006, would be physically able to cause a breakage in a façade. The present paper partly builds up on these findings. In the present paper, we prove experimentally that nickel sulphide inclusions are found everywhere in the raw glass section. On the other hand, their repartition is visibly influenced by gravitational settling. The resulting distribution profile is explained by a physical model. Further elaboration of this model allows to better understand Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (

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Section: Microscopic Study Of the Inclusions Identified To Be Nickel mentioning

confidence: 54%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Spontaneous cracking of thermally toughened safety glass Part two: Nickel sulphide inclusions identified in annealed glass

Kasper

Pyeonglae²,

Yuan³

2018

Glass Struct Eng

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“…It is generally assumed that inclusions originate from Sulfur and Nickel in raw materials, which are the major impurities found in glass in addition to very small quantities of other metals such as Iron and Copper . The nickel source to NiS inclusions is not yet completely clear, but probably it is due to contaminations of raw materials such as feeders made of stainless steel, or other elements that are used during storage or handling . Despite all mitigating measures that the glass industry has adopted, the complete elimination of NiS impurities is not possible today and, remarkably, only 1 g of Nickel can produce up to 70 000 inclusions of 200 μm diameter…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A statistical model for the failure of glass plates due to nickel sulfide inclusions

2018

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Nickel Sulfide (NiS) inclusions can provoke the rupture of thermally treated glass due to a phase transformation with volume increase that stresses the surrounding glass. Starting from a Pareto statistics for the population of inclusion sizes, from an assumed kinetics of the phase transformation, a micro-mechanically motivated model provides the statistical characterization of the probability of spontaneous failure of glass during lifetime. A distinction based upon the composition of NiS is used to discuss the effects of the heat soak test (HST), where glass remains at high temperature for a certain time to speed-up the phase transformation and destroy those elements with critical inclusions. Three functions à la Weibull for the probability of spontaneous rupture during lifetime are theoretically derived for the case of no HST, short HST, and long HST. In particular, the probability of collapse for long HSTs depends upon the holding time in the oven. An explanatory example shows the potentiality of the model for optimizing the HST parameters toward a target probability of failure, but experimental campaigns are needed for a proper calibration. K E Y W O R D Sfracture mechanics/

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“…A relatively large number of experimental studies related to the resistance and thermal performance of glass have been focused on thermal breakage (Mognato and Barbieri, 2013;Malou et al, 2013;Wang et al, 2013;Karlsson, 2017;Vandebroek, 2018;Kozłowski et al, 2018b). The studies investigated the major reason of glass cracking in windows with shaded edges.…”

Section: Previous Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire Resistance Testing of a Timber-Glass Composite Beam

Sjöström

Kozłowski

Honfí

et al. 2020

International Journal of Structural Glass and Advanced Material

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Glass structures have been increasingly utilised in modern construction for decades with load-bearing walls or facades as the most common elements. However, the use of glass beams has recently been given more attention but its application as load-bearing elements has been limited by the low tensile resistance, its brittle behaviour during failure and concerns of its performance in case of fire. Parts of these aspects can be covered by using Timber-Glass composites beams, with timber flanges and a glass web. Previous research and practical application show high potential for this type of composites in ambient temperatures but its performance in fire has not yet been assessed and thus not completely understood. This study describes what to our knowledge is the first full scale fire resistance tests of Timber-Glass composites beams. These tests results are also analysed using finite-element simulations in order to understand the mechanisms of failure during the tests. It was shown that adding a timber flange to a glass web can have severe complications for the fire resistance, however, there are many possible ways to circumvent these issues.

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Spontaneous Fracture in Thermally Strengthened Glass - A Review and Outlook

Cited by 29 publications

References 68 publications

Spontaneous cracking of thermally toughened safety glass Part two: Nickel sulphide inclusions identified in annealed glass

Spontaneous cracking of thermally toughened safety glass Part two: Nickel sulphide inclusions identified in annealed glass

A statistical model for the failure of glass plates due to nickel sulfide inclusions

Fire Resistance Testing of a Timber-Glass Composite Beam

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