Spontaneous Remission in Acute Myeloid Leukaemia: A Role for Endogenous Productionof Tumour Necrosis Factor and Interleukin‐2?

Spontaneous Remission in an Older Patient with RelapsedFLT3ITD Mutant AML

“…Although pneumonia (54.5%), bacteremia (24.2%), and skin/soft tissue infections (12.1%) are the most commonly cited infections [4], even atypical infections such as pulmonary aspergillosis, tuberculosis, Pneumocystis jirovecii , and infectious mononucleosis have been described [29–33]. Immune cell production of cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-alpha) and interferon- γ (IFN-gamma) has been shown to directly inhibit myeloblast proliferation [34, 35]. Increased interleukin-2 (IL-2) levels also activate natural killer (NK) cell number and activity [34–36].…”

Lorenz system in the thermodynamic modelling of leukaemia malignancy

“…The underlying molecular mechanisms of spontaneous remission are still unknown. The activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and macrophages, in conjunction with an increased cytotoxicity of natural killer cells [38] as well as cytokines of the immune system, such as tumour necrosis factor [39,40], interferon gamma and interleukin-2, released during infection, may play a role in the occurrence of spontaneous remission [41,42]. However, no clear link between spontaneous remission and infection or immune response was reported in at least one case [43].…”

Cardiopulmonary Failure Requiring ECMO Bypass Resulting from Leukemia Cell Lysis in a Patient with Childhood Acute Myelomonocytic Leukemia

“…Though a rare phenomenon, various case reports have reported spontaneous remission of AML following episodes of infection [14–17], suggesting that triggered T cell-driven immune responses likely via cytokine activation can induce myeloid leukemia cell remission. More specifically, cytokines such as TNF and IL-2, both of which are released during active infections, have been suggested to play a potential role in inducing spontaneous AML remission [18, 19]. …”