Spontaneous rupture of the oesophagus

Perforation of cervical oesophagus

“…Surgical emphysema of the neck is common after cervical perforations and can be detected clinically in 60 per cent of patients. 10,17,18 This figure increases to 95 per cent with plain X-ray examination. 18 Respiratory complications, such as mediastinitis and pleural effusion, are uncommon with cervical oesophageal perforation, occurring in approximately 10 per cent of patients, compared with over 50 per cent of patients with thoracic oesophageal perforation.…”

Temporal Dissipative Solitons in Time-Delay Feedback Systems

“…Solitons have been known as a physical phenomenon from the early 19th century [1]. They are commonly associated with spatially localized states in conservative spatially extended systems, such as the Korteweg-de Vries or the nonlinear Schrödinger equation and possess remarkable properties such as preservation of localization and shape after collisions.…”

“…The presented theory allows a detailed study of TDS in any system with delayed feedback of the form (1). While delay systems with large delay are typically characterized by high dimensional dynamics, our approach of separating the large timescale of delay from the short timescale of the soliton interface allows to find the soliton profile and the interface spectrum from the desingularized equations independently of the large delay.…”

Spontaneous mid-oesophageal rupture

“…The rupture usually involves the left postero-lateral aspect of the distal third of the organ, within 6 cm of the cardia. Less frequently, rupture may occur in the cervical (Russell, 1953), abdominal (Barrett, 1946), and middle third of the organ (Fitz, 1877). Since the first description of spontaneous middle third rupture by Fitz in 1877, only eight further cases have appeared in the literature (Moynihan, 1954;Wachtel and Gengins, 1955;Ross, 1961;Hamilton, 1967;Tidman and John, 1967;O'Leary, Hennessy and Brady, 1975 contrast radiography of the oesophagus.…”