Sporomorph biostratigraphy, floral changes, and paleoclimatology, Eocene and earliest Oligocene of the eastern Gulf Coast

Frederiksen, Norman

doi:10.3133/pp1448

Cited by 38 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Essentially, the eastern US Gulf Coast was like an island that took time to either evolve new species or recruit them from immigration after an Early Eocene cull. Frederiksen (1980Frederiksen ( , 1988 has shown that taxonomic diversity was not replenished until the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum, which demonstrates a considerable recovery time of c. 2 Ma.…”

Section: Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Paratropical floral extinction in the Late Palaeocene–Early Eocene

Harrington

Jaramillo

2007

JGS

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The Palaeocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) at c. 55.8 Ma marks a transient (c. 100 ka duration) interval of rapid greenhouse warming that had profound effects on marine and terrestrial biota. Plant communities responded rapidly with major compositional turnover. The long-term effects on tropical vegetation communities that stem from the brief period of global warming are unclear. We present pollen data from the paratropical US Gulf Coast (eastern Mississippi, western Alabama and Georgia), which had background Palaeogene mean annual temperatures of 26-27 °C. Sporomorph data (pollen and spores) demonstrate that taxonomic diversity increases over c.

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Section: Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We chose the US Gulf Coast as a suitable paratropical region for palynological investigation because it contains sediments conducive for palynological research (Elsik 1974;Frederiksen 1980Frederiksen , 1988Frederiksen , 1994Frederiksen , 1998Harrington 2001, 2003a. The stratigraphy of the eastern US Gulf Coast (Fig.…”

Section: Diversity Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paratropical floral extinction in the Late Palaeocene–Early Eocene

Harrington

Jaramillo

2007

JGS

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“…The IETM probably facilitated plant access to North America by making the Holarctic landbridges hospitable for plant habitation (Wing & Harrington 2001), but the pace at which these plants spread through the continent was not controlled by the IETM. For example, Dicolpopollis (Palmae), Platycarya (Juglandaceae) and Intratriporopollenites instructus (Bombacaceae-Sterculiaceae-Tiliaceae) first occur in sediments that demonstrably postdate the IETM but other European immigrants such as Interpollis microsupplingensis (Frederiksen 1988) are present in the first pulse of immigration. This implies that little correlation exists between the site of origin of a taxon and how long it took to spread through North America.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and Retistephanocolporites sp., which all occur at the Red Hot Truck Stop locality (Fig. 4a) (Harrington 2003b), and Dicolpopollis and Intratriporopollenites instructus, which occur only in the Bashi-Hatchetigbee formations (Tschudy 1973;Frederiksen et al 1982;Frederiksen 1988;Harrington 2001). The high sampling intensity in the lower Harrell Core and at the Red Hot Truck Stop means that collection failure does not explain this lag in appearance times.…”

Section: First and Last Occurrencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Time constraints are provided by magnetostratigraphy (Rhodes 1995;Rhodes et al 1999) and complemented by sequence stratigraphy (Mancini & Tew 1995). Biostratigraphy is provided by calcareous nannoplankton Gibson & Bybell 1994), planktonic foraminifera (Mancini & Oliver 1981;Berggren et al 1985) and sporomorphs (Frederiksen 1988(Frederiksen , 1991(Frederiksen , 1998Harrington 2001). Traditionally, the Palaeocene-Eocene boundary was placed at the base of the Bashi-Hatchetigbee formations in western Alabama and eastern Mississippi (Frederiksen et al 1982).…”

Section: Stratigraphy Of the Eastern Us Gulf Coastmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Palaeocene–Eocene paratropical floral change in North America: responses to climate change and plant immigration

Harrington

Kemp

Koch

2004

JGS

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The Initial Eocene Thermal Maximum (IETM) at c. 55 Ma represents a period of rapid global warming that lasted less than 200 ka. The response of vegetation to such an event, and particularly warmadapted highly diverse vegetation types, is poorly understood. Using pollen floral, clay mineral and stable carbon isotope analyses of sediments from the upper Tuscahoma Formation on the eastern US Gulf Coast (eastern Mississippi and western Alabama), we document paratropical floral changes across the PalaeoceneEocene boundary from the Wahalak #2 and lower Harrell cores. Data indicate strong changes in the abundance of kaolinite that correlate with changes in relative abundance of native pollen taxa. There is no evidence for a transient, extra-tropical flora on the US Gulf Coast that may characterize the IETM. Immigration and extinction are not associated with this event. Instead, Early Eocene plant immigration occurs in pulses and therefore is not associated directly with climate change during the IETM. The two cores share the same regional species pool but compositional differences are stronger between cores than they are either through changes in environment, increased soil erosion or chemical weathering, or through the introduction of nonnative plants. Our data suggest that vegetation change across the Palaeocene-Eocene boundary is not a single event but rather a sequence of cascading events.

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