Sporophore morphology and development in the myxomycetes: a review

Clark, Jim; Haskins, EF

doi:10.5943/mycosphere/5/1/7

Cited by 31 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Description. Stalk subhypothallic (or similar to that in Echinosteliales, Clark and Haskins 2014). Columella and capillitium absent.…”

Section: •••• Superorder Cribrariidia (Z)mentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Protosteloid amoebae have a stalk excreted from a single cell, which may cleave into several spores . The Echinosteliaceae (Haskins 1968) may have inherited this type of the stalk from Ceratiomyxomycetidae (Clark and Haskins 2014), but in their multispored fructifications the stalk is usually reinforced by granular deposits, and its upper part may become connected with the true columella (see below). This, perhaps extraprotoplasmic, secretion of an originally hollow (Mims 1973) stalk in Echinosteliales was previously named the third (beside epi-and subhypothallic) type of stalk development (Clark and Haskins 2014), but seems to be ancestral to the epi-and subhypothallic type.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Towards a phylogenetic classification of the Myxomycetes

et al. 2019

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The traditional classification of the Myxomycetes (Myxogastrea) into five orders (Echinosteliales, Liceales, Trichiales, Stemonitidales and Physarales), used in all monographs published since 1945, does not properly reflect evolutionary relationships within the group. Reviewing all published phylogenies for myxomycete subgroups together with a 18S rDNA phylogeny of the entire group serving as an illustration, we suggest a revised hierarchical classification, in which taxa of higher ranks are formally named according to the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi and plants. In addition, informal zoological names are provided. The exosporous genus Ceratiomyxa, together with some protosteloid amoebae, constitute the class Ceratiomyxomycetes. The class Myxomycetes is divided into a bright- and a dark-spored clade, now formally named as subclasses Lucisporomycetidae and Columellomycetidae, respectively. For bright-spored myxomycetes, four orders are proposed: Cribrariales (considered as a basal group), Reticulariales, a narrowly circumscribed Liceales and Trichiales. The dark-spored myxomycetes include five orders: Echinosteliales (considered as a basal group), Clastodermatales, Meridermatales, a more narrowly circumscribed Stemonitidales and Physarales (including as well most of the traditional Stemonitidales with durable peridia). Molecular data provide evidence that conspicuous morphological characters such as solitary versus compound fructifications or presence versus absence of a stalk are overestimated. Details of the capillitium and peridium, and especially how these structures are connected to each other, seem to reflect evolutionary relationships much better than many characters which have been used in the past.

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“…Description. Stalk subhypothallic (or similar to that in Echinosteliales, Clark and Haskins 2014). Columella and capillitium absent.…”

Section: •••• Superorder Cribrariidia (Z)mentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a phylogenetic classification of the Myxomycetes

et al. 2019

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“…However, the validity of the genus Perichaena itself did seem to hold because the three species included in that study did form a monophyletic clade (FioreDonno et al 2013, Clark andHaskins 2014). All three species included are characterized by sessile, spherical sporocarps, minutely warted capillitium and similarly ornamented spores.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perichaena longipes, a new myxomycete from the Neotropics

2015

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Abstract:A new species of myxomycete, Perichaena longipes, is described from 56 specimens of fruiting bodies that appeared in moist chamber cultures prepared with samples of decaying plant materials collected in Panama, Costa Rica and Brazil. This new species is distinguished from the morphologically similar species P. pedata on the basis of the much longer stipe, lighter peridium and the unique ornamentation of the capillitium. The nuc 18S ribosomal DNA sequences obtained from four specimens of P. longipes support the distinction of this new taxon and its separation from P. pedata. Furthermore, maximum likelihood phylogeny supports earlier evidence that species currently within the genus Perichaena do not form a monophyletic clade.Instead they appear to form three separate branches within the bright-spored clade. The first clade includes P. longipes together with several species of Trichia and Metatrichia, the second includes P. pedata and P. chrysosperma, and the third clade is composed of P. corticalis, P. depressa and P. luteola.

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“…Broadly, myxomycete fruiting body formation involves secretion of fibrils into extracellular or vesicular space to form a stalk and other acellular structures, followed by cleavage of the cytoplasm into unicellular units that become spores (Mims, 1972(Mims, , 1973Charvat, Ross & Cronshaw, 1973;Raub & Aldrich, 1982;Spiegel & Feldman, 1989). Meiosis occurs during spore formation, with three of four meiotic productions degrading (Clark & Haskins, 2014). Myxomycetes demonstrate a wide range of morphologies in their fruiting bodies (Fig.…”

Section: The Multicellular Sporocarpy Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The close similarities in the life cycles of the protosporangids and myxomycetes point to homologous developmental programs. Indeed, Clark & Haskins (2014) hypothesized that the ancestral myxomycete formed fruiting bodies through a simple sporocarpy-like process, as found in the early-branching (Fiore-Donno et al, 2010, 2013Fiore-Donno, Tice & Brown, 2018) genera Echinostelium and Cribraria.…”

Section: The Multicellular Sporocarpy Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Two potential evolutionary origins of the fruiting bodies of the dictyostelid slime moulds

Hehmeyer

2019

Biological Reviews

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Dictyostelium discoideum and the other dictyostelid slime moulds (‘social amoebae’) are popular model organisms best known for their demonstration of sorocarpic development. In this process, many cells aggregate to form a multicellular unit that ultimately becomes a fruiting body bearing asexual spores. Several other unrelated microorganisms undergo comparable processes, and in some it is evident that their multicellular development evolved from the differentiation process of encystation. While it has been argued that the dictyostelid fruiting body had similar origins, it has also been proposed that dictyostelid sorocarpy evolved from the unicellular fruiting process found in other amoebozoan slime moulds. This paper reviews the developmental biology of the dictyostelids and other relevant organisms and reassesses the two hypotheses on the evolutionary origins of dictyostelid development. Recent advances in phylogeny, genetics, and genomics and transcriptomics indicate that further research is necessary to determine whether or not the fruiting bodies of the dictyostelids and their closest relatives, the myxomycetes and protosporangids, are homologous.

show abstract

Sporophore morphology and development in the myxomycetes: a review

Cited by 31 publications

References 67 publications

Towards a phylogenetic classification of the Myxomycetes

Towards a phylogenetic classification of the Myxomycetes

Perichaena longipes, a new myxomycete from the Neotropics

Two potential evolutionary origins of the fruiting bodies of the dictyostelid slime moulds

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