Sporopollenin, a Natural Copolymer, is Robust under High Hydrostatic Pressure

Montgomery, W J; Potiszil, Christian; Watson, Jonathan S.; Sephton, M. A.

doi:10.1002/macp.201600142

Cited by 20 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The predicted equilibrium constants for the decarboxylation of acetate ( equation (1) ) show that pressure strongly opposes decarboxylation, even up to 600 °C ( Supplementary Fig. 5a ), consistent with a recent study 29 . Similar trends are apparent for the decomposition of aqueous isobutane to methane and bicarbonate ( Supplementary Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Immiscible hydrocarbon fluids in the deep carbon cycle

et al. 2017

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The cycling of carbon between Earth's surface and interior governs the long-term habitability of the planet. But how carbon migrates in the deep Earth is not well understood. In particular, the potential role of hydrocarbon fluids in the deep carbon cycle has long been controversial. Here we show that immiscible isobutane forms in situ from partial transformation of aqueous sodium acetate at 300 °C and 2.4–3.5 GPa and that over a broader range of pressures and temperatures theoretical predictions indicate that high pressure strongly opposes decomposition of isobutane, which may possibly coexist in equilibrium with silicate mineral assemblages. These results complement recent experimental evidence for immiscible methane-rich fluids at 600–700 °C and 1.5–2.5 GPa and the discovery of methane-rich fluid inclusions in metasomatized ophicarbonates at peak metamorphic conditions. Consequently, a variety of immiscible hydrocarbon fluids might facilitate carbon transfer in the deep carbon cycle.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Immiscible hydrocarbon fluids in the deep carbon cycle

et al. 2017

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“…Spectra have been shifted for better observation and the insert includes the spectra of films in the most relevant range. The main characteristic peaks of the bioactive trans-ferulic acid compound are located at 1512, 1601 cm −1 (νC=C), 1691 cm −1 (νC=O), 1202 cm −1 (νCO), 2943 cm −1 (ν sym CH n ), 2963 cm −1 (ν asym CH) and 3440 cm −1 (νOH) [ 32 , 33 ]. Neat EVOH showed the absorbance bands characteristic in EVOH copolymers: adsorption peaks of stretching vibration at 2851 cm −1 (C–H), 2925 cm −1 (C–H) and 3340 cm −1 (O–H), and bending vibration at 1327 cm −1 (C–H) and 1450 cm −1 (C–H) [ 34 , 35 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melt-Processed Bioactive EVOH Films Incorporated with Ferulic Acid

et al. 2020

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In this work, antimicrobial and antioxidant films based on ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) copolymer containing low amounts of ferulic acid (FA) were successfully developed by melt extrusion. Optically transparent films were obtained, and the presence of FA provided some UV blocking effect. The characterization of the thermal and barrier properties of the developed films showed that the addition of FA improved the thermal stability, decreased the glass transition temperature (Tg) and increased the water vapor and oxygen transmission rates when ferulic acid was loaded above 0.5 wt.%, associated with its plasticizing effect. Mechanical characterization confirmed the plasticizing effect by an increase in the elongation at break values while no significant differences were observed in Young’s modulus and tensile strength. Significant antioxidant activity of all active films exposed to two food simulants, 10% ethanol and 95% ethanol, was also confirmed using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-pricylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging method, indicating that FA conserved its well-known antioxidant properties after melt-processing. Finally, EVOH-FA samples presented antibacterial activity in vitro against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, thus showing the potential of ferulic acid as bioactive compound to be used in extrusion processing for active packaging applications.

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“…For p-hydroxy acetophenone, which has a lower blank value than p-hydroxy benzoic acid and p-hydroxy benzaldehyde, it is in discussion whether it originates from lignin or from other sources (Dittmar and Lara, 2001). p-Coumaric acid occurs in sporopollenin (Fraser et al, 2012;Montgomery et al, 2016), which is a major component of pollen and fungal spores and also occurs in some forms of algae (Delwiche et al, 1989). Therefore, para-coumaric acid might be introduced into the sample via the laboratory air or via insufficiently purified water.…”

Section: Origin Of Blank Valuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of lignin oxidation products as vegetation biomarkers in speleothems and cave drip water

Heidke

Hoffmann

2018

Biogeosciences

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Abstract. Here we present a sensitive method to analyze lignin oxidation products (LOPs) in speleothems and cave drip water to provide a new tool for paleo-vegetation reconstruction. Speleothems are valuable climate archives. However, compared to other terrestrial climate archives, such as lake sediments, speleothems contain very little organic matter. Therefore, very few studies on organic biomarkers in speleothems are available. Our new sensitive method allows us to use LOPs as vegetation biomarkers in speleothems. Our method consists of acid digestion of the speleothem sample followed by solid-phase extraction (SPE) of the organic matter. The extracted polymeric lignin is degraded in a microwave-assisted alkaline CuO oxidation step to yield monomeric LOPs. The LOPs are extracted via SPE and finally analyzed via ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled to electrospray ionization (ESI) and high-resolution Orbitrap mass spectrometry (HRMS). The method was applied to stalagmite samples with a sample size of 3–5 g and cave drip water samples with a sample size of 100–200 mL from the Herbstlabyrinth-Advent Cave in Germany. In addition, fresh plant samples, soil water, and powdered lignin samples were analyzed for comparison. The concentration of the sum of eight LOPs (Σ8) was in the range of 20–84 ng g−1 for the stalagmite samples and 230–440 ng L−1 for the cave drip water samples. The limits of quantification for the individual LOPs ranged from 0.3–8.2 ng per sample or 1.5–41.0 ng mL−1 of the final sample solution. Our method represents a new and powerful analytical tool for paleo-vegetation studies and has great potential to identify the pathways of lignin incorporation into speleothems.

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Sporopollenin, a Natural Copolymer, is Robust under High Hydrostatic Pressure

Cited by 20 publications

References 36 publications

Immiscible hydrocarbon fluids in the deep carbon cycle

Immiscible hydrocarbon fluids in the deep carbon cycle

Melt-Processed Bioactive EVOH Films Incorporated with Ferulic Acid

Quantification of lignin oxidation products as vegetation biomarkers in speleothems and cave drip water

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