Sport and Racial Discrimination in Colonial Zimbabwe: A Reanalysis

Novak, Andrew

doi:10.1080/09523367.2011.642550

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Such discriminatory treatment also occurred in the world of sports in Rhodesia (the name of Zimbabwe during the British occupation), which applied a distinction in the provision of sports facilities and infrastructure for local people and white immigrants. This condition impacted the quality of white athletes' achievement more than black athletes in national, international, and Paralympic competitions (Novak, 2012).…”

Section: Hybridity In the History Of Indonesian Footballmentioning

confidence: 99%

The identity politics in Indonesian football during the colonial period

Harjo

2022

j. Sport Area

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This research objective is to examine social stratification in the football sector in Indonesia during the colonial period. Social stratification is the beginning of the occurrence of discriminatory treatment differences. This research applies a qualitative research method with a literature study approach. The data sources in this research are obtained from journal articles, books, and mass media relevant to social stratification in the football sector during the colonial period. The selection of information sources used internal and external criticism to sort out the information collected through document study techniques. The data collected is then processed using interactive data analysis techniques to obtain answers to research problems. The research results show that social stratification took place individually and communally. Local football players are in the lowest position, as are football clubs and football federations formed by local communities. The system established by the colonial government placed European and Chinese football players into a higher layer than local players. This distinction triggered discriminatory treatment against local players to reduce the opportunity for football players and clubs to access the field and competitions organized by the federation formed by the Dutch colonial government. This condition, on the one hand, shows the process of imitating the local community towards sports brought by the colonizers. On the other hand, the imitation also contains resistance to discriminatory treatment as well as colonial practices. Changes in such discriminatory conditions are needed so that similar practices do not occur in other life aspects.

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Section: Hybridity In the History Of Indonesian Footballmentioning

confidence: 99%

The identity politics in Indonesian football during the colonial period

Harjo

2022

j. Sport Area

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“…To highlight Rhodesia's unique attitude toward boxing and its wholesale adoption of South Africa's boxing laws, it should be noted that, in other sports, such as cricket and soccer, mixed race teams competed against each other at exactly the same time. 69 From as early as the 1930s, settlers in colonial Zimbabwe were arguing that boxing might lead to attacks on white settlers. Fears about being attacked by 'savage natives' had always characterised the writing of early colonial settlers, who believed that they had a moral responsibility to 'civilise' .…”

Section: Fighting For Supremacymentioning

confidence: 99%

Fighting in the Shadow of an Apartheid State: Boxing and Colonialism in Zimbabwe

Seda

2022

Kronos.

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Boxing was arguably the most popular and controversial sport in colonial Zimbabwe. To tame the sport's violence, which was considered too extreme, colonial officials in Zimbabwe sought guidance and advice from South Africa from the mid-1930s on how best to regulate the sport. South Africa occupied a unique position in this regard, not only because of the relationship it had with colonial Zimbabwe as a neighbouring white settler colony, but also because of how sections of its white settler community responded to the triumphs of Black boxers over white opponents around the world. The colony of South Africa played a significant role in shaping the control of boxing in colonial Zimbabwe. The relationship between the two colonies culminated in the passage of the Boxing and Wrestling Control Act of 1956 in colonial Zimbabwe, an identical version to a similarly named law that South Africa had passed just two years prior.

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“…10 Whilst Rhodesian sport did not formalize its institutional discrimination of black athletes to the same extent as South Africa, secondary discrimination outside of the arena of competition was nevertheless enshrined in the 1969's Land Tenure Act, and the country maintained an interdependent sporting relationship with South Africa. 11 The implications of these policies on domestic and international sports participation were wide-reaching. 12 Parallel to the MCC/Commonwealth Games crisis was one tour that was far less remarked upon, but every bit as ethically contentious: that of Kilmarnock Football Club's summer 1970 of Rhodesia.…”

Section: The Games and The Commonwealthmentioning

confidence: 99%

The 1970 British Commonwealth Games: Scottish Reactions to Apartheid and Sporting Boycotts

Skillen

McDowell

2017

Journal of Sport History

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The 1970 British Commonwealth Games in Edinburgh is widely thought to have been a barnstorming success, and an excellent advertisement for Scotland. Recent research by the authors, however, shows that the event was nevertheless a deeply politicized one: reflective of Scotland's status as a 'stateless nation', of Westminster politics during the era more generally, and of the politics surrounding apartheid South Africa's sporting contacts with the outside world. The Games managed to avert a mass boycott organized by the South African Non-Racial Olympic Committee (SANROC), in retaliation for the Marylebone Cricket Club's recent invitation of the South African national cricket team. This article will explore Scotland's place as a non-state actor within the 1970 crisis. Attention will be given to the domestic political response, both from Scottish MPs, members of local Scottish councils (particularly within Edinburgh itself), and from Scottish National Party (SNP) activists, angered that Scotland should pay for the crimes perceived to be made by an English sporting body. However, our piece goes beyond these discourses, to examine the broader sporting relationship that Scots had with South Africa and Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe), governed by white supremacist regimes during the period. Policy documents, housed in the National Records of Scotland, express UK Cabinet-level concerns about the actions of individual sporting clubs' tours of the countries. This article will also look at how cabinet ministers, most notably Labour's Minister for Sport Denis Howell, intervened to shape Scotland's devolved sporting councils' policies on contacts with South Africa and Rhodesia.

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Sport and Racial Discrimination in Colonial Zimbabwe: A Reanalysis

Cited by 15 publications

References 13 publications

The identity politics in Indonesian football during the colonial period

The identity politics in Indonesian football during the colonial period

Fighting in the Shadow of an Apartheid State: Boxing and Colonialism in Zimbabwe

The 1970 British Commonwealth Games: Scottish Reactions to Apartheid and Sporting Boycotts

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