Sport Clusters and Community Resilience in the United States

Abstract

How to enhance community resilience to natural disasters is a major question for researchers and policymakers. Although researchers agree that sport generates community benefits, few scholarly efforts in sport management have been invested in understanding the sport–resilience association. This paper attempted to address whether and how sport clusters—the clustering of sport industries—are associated with community resilience across locations. To achieve this, geographically weighted regression and visualization techniques were applied to macro-level data regarding community resilience and the clustering of 13 separate sport industries across 3,108 counties in the contiguous United States. The results indicate that, overall, the clustering of eight sport industries was significantly associated with community resilience and demonstrates the existence of spatially heterogeneous associations in magnitudes and signs of community resilience in sport clusters. The findings of this paper have the potential to help community sport scholars and policymakers implement location-specific resilience policies through sport industry development.

The coupling coordination relationship between sports industry agglomeration and economic resilience in the Yangtze River Delta region

“…Kim selected clusters of 13 sports industries to measure sports industry agglomeration based on North American Industry Classification System(NAICS) classification [8]. Typical agglomeration indicators used in these studies include industry concentration, location Gini coefficient, spatial separation index, location entropy, and Kernel density estimation [18,19].…”

“…This is due to the joint positioning of a specific group of sports firms in the production chain to form an activity complex through forward (i.e., when a firm is located in the position of its customer firms) and/or backward linkages (i.e., when a firm is located in the position of its supplier firms) [26]. Consequently, the local sports industry, together with urban infrastructure and sports facilities, generates an activitycomplex economy [27] with certain socioeconomic benefits and spillover effects, such as increased employment opportunities, improved quality of employment, improved infrastructure, social integration, sports participation, and public health benefits [8,28]. Each city has its own unique social and material resources, which determines the different levels of development of its sports industry and urban economic resilience.…”

“…In particular, scholars have noted the necessity of empirically assessing the different associations between the sports industry and urban economic resilience. Some scholars have shown that the sports industry can contribute to urban economic resilience [8]. However, we need more in-depth analyses of this association in the context of macro-level value co-creation systems, such as "sports industrial agglomeration" [9], instead of the micro-level perspective adopted in prior studies [10].…”

Privacy-aware and Efficient Student Clustering for Sport Training with Hash in Cloud Environment

“…In order to solve this problem, the authors mainly investigate the sports groups of surfing and sailing, and puts forward a two-step model of cluster development. The purpose of [ 12 ] is to explore whether and how sports clusters correlate with community resilience across regions. To answer this question, the authors apply geographically weighted regression and visualization techniques to the macro data detection of community resilience.…”