Sport participation in high school and anxiety symptoms in young adulthood

Prospective associations between sport participation and psychological adjustment in adolescents

“…However, longitudinal findings remain limited and mixed. For example, some studies suggest no benefits of sport frequency,14 no benefits team versus individual sport,24 or reductions in social anxiety in response to individual sport compared with team sport 15…”

An Internet-based survey of the dance fitness program OULA

“… 30 Recent evidence has also shown that exercise, specifically dance, can significantly reduce anxiety symptoms. 6 , 7 , 16 , 24 , 31 Despite this evidence, depressive disorders are most commonly treated with medications, psychotherapy, or a combination of the two. 32 Since the 1960s, treatment of depressive disorders has relied heavily on the use of antidepressants, even though individual responses to antidepressants vary greatly among patients.…”

The association between adolescent psychopathology and subsequent physical activity in young adulthood: a 21-year birth cohort study

“…Prospective studies examining the association between physical activity engagement (PAE) during adolescence and later mental health outcomes report inconsistent results. In studies examining depressive and anxiety symptoms, some found no longitudinal association between baseline PAE and subsequent mental health status (Birkeland et al, 2009;Brunet et al, 2013;Gunnell et al, 2016;Rothon et al, 2010;Toseeb et al, 2014), while others found an inverse association between PAE and anxiety/ depressive symptoms (Ashdown-Franks et al, 2017;Jewett et al, 2014). Some studies found that the association was significant in either females only (Hoegh Poulsen et al, 2016;Jerstad et al, 2010) or in males only (Flotnes et al, 2011;Sagatun et al, 2007).…”

“…First, mental health outcome measures varied among these studies. Most studies relied on self-reported questionnaires (Ashdown-Franks et al, 2017;Birkeland et al, 2009;Brunet et al, 2013;Gunnell et al, 2016;Hoegh Poulsen et al, 2016;Jewett et al, 2014;Rothon et al, 2010) with only a few (Jerstad et al, 2010;Strohle et al, 2007;Toseeb et al, 2014) utilizing structured interviews to assess for diagnoses of mental disorders of the participants. Likewise, there is a lack of consensus around physical activity measurements.…”

“…Likewise, there is a lack of consensus around physical activity measurements. Even though all but one study (Toseeb et al, 2014) described above have used selfreported questionnaires to estimate the PAE, some only assessed physical activity outside of school (Jerstad et al, 2010) or focused on sports engagement only (Ashdown-Franks et al, 2017;Jewett et al, 2014). Further, there were differences in both the age of the participants at baseline (ranging from nine (Sormunen et al, 2017) to 24 (Strohle et al, 2007)) and the duration of follow up (ranging from two years (Rothon et al, 2010) to ten years (Birkeland et al, 2009;Brunet et al, 2013)), as well as participant numbers (ranging from 496 participants (Jerstad et al, 2010) to 6,987 participants (Koivukangas et al, 2010)).…”