Sporulation of Clostridium thermosaccharolyticum

Hsu, Edward J.; Ordal, Z. John

doi:10.1128/aem.18.5.958-960.1969

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…It has also been noted that the optical density of a culture may continue to increase for some time with no increase in cell number. This increase has been reported to be due to elongation of individual cells without appreciable cell division, increase in cell size (swelling), accumulation of storage granules, or changes in the optical properties of the sporulating cells (10,11,13). Furthermore, in many clostridia, spore formation appears to require an exogenous carbon and energy supply throughout the entire sporulation cycle (4,10,11,22,28).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The probability that vegetative cells will sporulate also appears to be related to the growth rate. Extensive sporulation occurs only in cultures with decreased growth rates (4,5,10,11,28). In addition, there is evidence that the cells are competent to initiate sporulation only at a specific stage of the DNA replication cycle (3,5).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Clostridium thermosaccharolyticum, it was observed that only cells that initially elongated to a critical cell length (8.9 to 10.0 ,um) continued to differentiate; cells which failed to elongate to the critical length also failed to show any sign of terminal swelling and did not continue through the sequential stages to become spores (4,11,22). It was further observed that although sporulation in this Clostridium species was under catabolite repression, continuous feeding with glucose reversed the repression and resulted in elongation of individual cells and formation of sporangia (10).…”

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Preparation of Refractile Spores of Clostridium thermosaccharolyticum Involves a Solventogenic Phase

Landuyt

Hsu

1992

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Conversion of vegetative cells of Clostridium thermosaccharolyticum to refractile endospores was achieved by sequential transfer and dilution at each generation, with a final dilution into a sporulation medium that contained xylan supplemented with excess calcium. The subsequent growth was synchronous and resulted in elongated, solventogenic cells that were then shifted to 35°C to permit further differentiation without cell division. The synchronized cells grown in xylan medium supplemented with Ca gluconate produced total solvents that reached 9.63% (vol/vol). One hundred percent of these elongated solventogenic cells (4.84 x 109 cells per ml) entered the sporangial stage and continued to differentiate into refractile spores. Only cells sequentially transferred and diluted at a critical time of the growth cycle are synchronized, induced to elongate (>fourfold), become highly solventogenic in the presence of excess calcium, and are converted to a homogeneous population of refractile spores.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Preparation of Refractile Spores of Clostridium thermosaccharolyticum Involves a Solventogenic Phase

Landuyt

Hsu

1992

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…5 hr as com-It is known that some species of the Bacillaceae ate. After 3 sporulate in the presence of high levels of certain ibout 1.1% energy sources (5,11). Hsu and Ordal (5,6) of colony-demonstrated that Clostridium thermosaccharolytin the con-icum sporulated well when carbohydrates were in the pyru-present which limited the growth rate or when in the pyruglucose was fed to the culture at growth-limiting rates.…”

Section: (29%)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological Studies of an Oligosporogenous Strain of Bacillus popilliae1

Costilow¹,

Coulter²

1971

Applied Microbiology

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A relatively small but consistent increase in the frequency of spore formation by an oligosporogenous strain of Bacillus popilliae (NRRL B-2309M) was obtained by adding 0.1% sodium pyruvate to the sporulation medium. The frequency of spore formation was essentially the same when a low level of glucose, trehalose, or glucose-6-phosphate or a high level of a-methyl-D-mannoside was added as the carbon and energy source. Many other variations in the cultural medium and cultural conditions failed to enhance spore formation of 2309M, and no spores were found in four asporogenic strains under any of the conditions tried. There were no significant differences between the 2309M strain and three nonsporeforming cultures with respect to (i) the rate and extent of growth, (ii) the rates of glucose utilization, or (iii) volatile acid production and utilization. None of the cultures tested was found to produce detectable levels of extracellular protease or an antibiotic. The only consistent marker found associated with spore formation was the development of catalase activity, and this activity was stimulated by heating at 80 C for 10 min. This was not found unless morphological evidence of spore formation was observed. The germination of the spores formed by 2309M in vitro was stimulated by heat shock and by the addition of pyruvate to the germination medium. ' Journal article no. 5553, Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station.

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“…The medium of Muhammed et al (14) supported only poor sporulation of the two strains tested. Both of these media contain a relatively high (1%) concentration of glucose, a sporulation repressor (8,26). The medium of Ting and Fung is deficient in calcium, which is generally regarded as essential for the formation of healthy, heat-resistant spores (11,23).…”

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Clear, defined medium for the sporulation of Clostridium perfringens

Sacks¹,

Thompson²

1978

Appl Environ Microbiol

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A new, defined medium for the sporulation of Clostridium perfringens is presented. Sporulation levels exceeding 106 to 107 heat-resistant spores per ml were obtained for seven strains: PS49, PS52, FD-1, T-65, NCTC strains 8798, 8238, and 10240. In the presence of theophylline, a methylxanthine, higher levels of heat-resistant spores were attained for strains PS49, PS52, FD-1, and T-65; photomicrographs demonstrated a higher fraction of sporulating cells when these strains were grown in the presence of methylxanthines. Use of washed, highly diluted (<100 cells) inocula resulted in no reduction in spore yield. Strain KA3 grew well but sporulated poorly on this medium. The medium was clear and free of precipitate when small amounts (100,ug/ml) of methylxanthine were incorporated.

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Sporulation of Clostridium thermosaccharolyticum

Cited by 14 publications

References 1 publication

Preparation of Refractile Spores of Clostridium thermosaccharolyticum Involves a Solventogenic Phase

Preparation of Refractile Spores of Clostridium thermosaccharolyticum Involves a Solventogenic Phase

Physiological Studies of an Oligosporogenous Strain of Bacillus popilliae1

Clear, defined medium for the sporulation of Clostridium perfringens

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