Spotlight on avian pathology: red mite, a serious emergent problem in layer hens

Tomley, Fiona M.; Sparagano, Olivier

doi:10.1080/03079457.2018.1490493

Cited by 42 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…It poses an important threat to animal welfare but, to a lesser extent, also to public health . A PRM infestation affects birds by causing feather pecking, anemia, restlessness, aggression, reduced egg production (increased fragility of the egg shell), blood staining of the eggs or transmission of pathogenic agents . The economic impact of PRM was approximately 130 million euros in 2004 and increased to an estimation of 231 million euros in 2017 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and geographical distribution of pyrethroid resistance mutations in the poultry red mite Dermanyssus gallinae

Katsavou

Vlogiannitis

Karp-Tatham

et al. 2019

Pest Management Science

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Background The poultry red mite (PRM) Dermanyssus gallinae is the most common ectoparasite on poultry and causes high economic losses in poultry farming worldwide. Pyrethroid acaricides have been widely used for its control and, consequently, pyrethroid resistance has arisen. In this study we aim to investigate the occurrence of resistance and study the geographical distribution of pyrethroid resistance mutations across PRM populations in Europe. Results Full dose–response contact bioassays revealed very high levels of resistance against several pyrethroids (α‐cypermethrin, fluvalinate, and cyfluthrin) in two PRM populations from Greece, compared to a susceptible reference strain. Resistance was associated with mutations in the gene encoding the target site of pyrethroids, the voltage‐gated sodium channel (VGSC). Mutations, M918L and L925V in domain IIS4‐S5 and F1534L in domain IIIS6, were found at positions known to play a role in pyrethroid resistance in other arthropod species. Subsequent screening by sequencing VGSC gene fragments IIS4‐S5 and IIIS6 revealed the presence and distribution of these mutations in many European populations. In some populations, we identified additional or different mutations including M918V/T, L925M, T929I, I936F, and F1538L. The latter mutation is a possible alternative for F1538I that has been previously associated with pyrethroid resistance in other Acari species. Conclusion We report very high levels of pyrethroid resistance in PRM populations from Greece, as well as the identification and geographical distribution of 10 pyrethroid resistance mutations in PRM populations across Europe. Our results draw attention to the need for an evidence‐based implementation of PRM control, taking acaricide resistance management into consideration. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and geographical distribution of pyrethroid resistance mutations in the poultry red mite Dermanyssus gallinae

Katsavou

Vlogiannitis

Karp-Tatham

et al. 2019

Pest Management Science

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“…The importance of an integrated pest management approach for controlling D. gallinae infestations has been widely proposed. The approach consists of a coordinated application of good hygiene practices, effective protection against external contaminations, optimization of the chickens' population density, proper farm design, and the proper administration of the most effective authorized and available acaricide drugs, including a recently introduced drinking water application of uralaner that offers the potential for improved control of the poultry red mite [45,46]. A similar approach should be advisable to control and potentially, eradicate FT in affected poultry farms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of vector borne transmission of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica ser. Gallinarum and fowl typhoid mediated by the poultry red mite, Dermanyssus gallinae (De Geer, 1778)

Cocciolo

Circella

Pugliese

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: The poultry red mite Dermanyssus gallinae (De Geer 1778) is a major ectoparasite of poultry. Infestations are found in most laying hen farms in Europe, and breeder flocks have also been reported to be affected. Mite infestation has detrimental effects on animal welfare, are a cause of significant economic losses, and D. gallinae is often considered as a pathogen vector. Despite suspicion of a close relationship between the poultry red mite and Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica ser. Gallinarum biovar Gallinarum ( S. Gallinarum), the causative agent of fowl typhoid (FT), there has been no definitive proof of mite-mediated transmission. Therefore, an investigation was conducted to determine if D. gallinae -mediated transmission of S. Gallinarum could be demonstrated among four different hen groups.Methods: Two groups of 8 hens (A and B) were experimentally infected with S. Gallinarum in two isolators. After seven days, when birds showed signs of FT, about 25,000 mites were introduced. After 3 days, mites were harvested and used to infest other two hen groups of 8 (C and D), in two separate isolators. Health status of hens was constantly monitored; detection and quantification of S. Gallinarum were performed by PCR and qPCR from mites and organs of dead hens. The maximum likelihood estimation of the infection rate and mite vectorial capacity were calculated.Results: Clinical disease was observed in groups infected with S. Gallinarum (A and B) and in hens of groups C and D infested with mites harvested from the isolators containing groups A and B. In all 4 groups, S. Gallinarum was detected from liver, spleen, ovary and cecum of hens, thus confirming the diagnosis of FT. Mite analysis demonstrated the presence of the pathogen, with an estimated infection rate ranging between 13.72 and 55.21 infected per thousand mites. Vectorial capacity was estimated to be 73.79.Conclusion: Mites harvested from birds infected with S. Gallinarum were shown to carry the mite, and then to transfer S . Gallinarum to isolated groups of pathogen-free birds that subsequently showed signs of FT. Mite vectorial capacity was high, demonstrating that D. gallinae should be considered an effective vector of FT.

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“…Dermanyssus gallinae is an obligatory ectoparasite that feeds on the blood of the host. It has a global distribution [15]. In contrast with other Dermanyssus spp., D. gallinae is a generalist species with a low host specificity [16].…”

Section: Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The PRM is not a significant issue in the broiler industry, mainly due to its short production cycle, but it poses a substantial threat to the egg-laying industry worldwide, except for layer farms in the USA where Ornythonyssus sylviarum is the main mite species affecting layer hens [28]. However, recent reports suggest significant increase of D. gallinae infestations in the USA [15]. Although O. sylviarum is also present in wild birds of European countries, D. gallinae is the specie responsible for farm infestations.…”

Section: Poultry Industrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges for the Control of Poultry Red Mite (Dermanyssus gallinae)

Lima-Barbero¹,

Villar²,

Höfle³

et al. 2020

Parasitology and Microbiology Research

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The Poultry Red Mite, Dermanyssus gallinae, is an ectoparasite which is considered the major pest for the egg-laying industry. The mite hides in crevices and cracks during daylight and feed on the blood of the hens in the darkness. It can also parasitize other bird and mammal species, including man that can develop gamasoidosis when bitten at work or private residences. The control of the mite infestations has relied in synthetic acaricides, but the development of resistances and the restricted list of authorized products make fundamental the development of novel control measure. The combination of alternative control measures, such as monitoring of the mite infestation, plant-derived products, inner dusts, biological control and vaccines, poses as the best way for achieving satisfactory results.

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Spotlight on avian pathology: red mite, a serious emergent problem in layer hens

Cited by 42 publications

References 25 publications

Identification and geographical distribution of pyrethroid resistance mutations in the poultry red mite Dermanyssus gallinae

Identification and geographical distribution of pyrethroid resistance mutations in the poultry red mite Dermanyssus gallinae

Evidence of vector borne transmission of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica ser. Gallinarum and fowl typhoid mediated by the poultry red mite, Dermanyssus gallinae (De Geer, 1778)

Challenges for the Control of Poultry Red Mite (Dermanyssus gallinae)

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