Spray congealed solid lipid microparticles as a sustained release delivery system for Gonadorelin [6-D-Phe]: Production, optimization and in vitro release behavior

Lipid composition optimization in spray congealing technique and testing with curcumin-loaded microparticles

“…The three evaluated variables, namely the concentration of each lipid in the prepared mixtures was expressed in terms of pseudo components mass fractions [40], and referred as beeswax (X BW ), carnauba wax (X CW ) and miglyol (X M ), considering the total mass equal of the sample equal to 1 g. The response for the design was defined as the solidification temperature (Ts) of the mixture, which was determined by dynamic scanning calorimetry (DSC) according to the protocol described by Guimarães-Inácio et al [41] as described next in Section 2. 4.…”

“…Different methodologies can be used to prepare solid lipid particles, including hot melt granulation [3], solvent evaporationbased methods [4] and simple (oil-in-water) or double (waterin-oil-in-water) emulsification processes [5]. These strategies, often require the use of organic solvents or the combination of water and oil phases to induce the formation of the particles.…”

“…To the best of our knowledge, optimization of the lipid composition to attain a suitable solidification temperature in spray congealing was not previously reported, neither the use of this technique to encapsulate curcumin, technique that presents several advantages over the traditionally employed hot melt dispersion technique. In fact, works involving solid lipid matrices, including the ones produced by spray congealing [4] or alternative methods [34,35], were mainly focused on the encapsulation of pharmaceuticals or drugs for delivery applications [36], but not on natural bioactives and/or colorants, namely curcumin. Moreover, the optimization of the system through the use of experimental design strategies, provides a predictive tool to validate new lipid formulations, positioning the present work as an innovative strategy in comparison to other works where formulations [37,38] or spray congealing process parameters [4] are tested by conventional trial/error methods.…”

“…In fact, works involving solid lipid matrices, including the ones produced by spray congealing [4] or alternative methods [34,35], were mainly focused on the encapsulation of pharmaceuticals or drugs for delivery applications [36], but not on natural bioactives and/or colorants, namely curcumin. Moreover, the optimization of the system through the use of experimental design strategies, provides a predictive tool to validate new lipid formulations, positioning the present work as an innovative strategy in comparison to other works where formulations [37,38] or spray congealing process parameters [4] are tested by conventional trial/error methods.…”

Solid Lipid Microparticles by Spray Congealing of Water/Oil Emulsion: An Effective/Versatile Loading Strategy for a Highly Soluble Drug

“…Suspension as starting material is usually proposed because it is suitable for synthetic, natural and biotechnological active substances. In this regard, Sorita et al [14] successfully used the spray congealing technique for the production of curcumin-loaded microparticles; insulin-loaded microparticles were prepared by Maschke et al [15] and lyophilized gonadorelin was incorporated in different triglycerides by Traub-Hoffmann et al [16]. When SLMp are produced by spray congealing, the hydrophilic or lipophilic characteristics of the carrier excipient represent the main driving force that affects drug release behavior.…”