Spray deposited lanthanum doped TiO 2 compact layers as electron selective contact for perovskite solar cells

Influence of Lithium and Lanthanum Treatment on TiO2 Nanofibers and Their Application in n‐i‐p Solar Cells

“…The main reason for performance enhancement in the latter devices was related to the higher J SC values where an increase from 19.8 to 21.9 mA cm −2 was observed compared to the control TiO 2 NF PSCs. We attribute the increase to the improved charge transport as a result of oxygen vacancies that hindered charge recombination of electrons and holes by trapping electrons through the NF layer . Moreover, such material defects can also reduce the accumulation of injected electrons from the perovskite layer to the electron transport layer (ETL) which reduces the level of charge recombination.…”

“…Moreover, such material defects can also reduce the accumulation of injected electrons from the perovskite layer to the electron transport layer (ETL) which reduces the level of charge recombination. Additionally, since the electrons are trapped in oxygen vacancies, the amount of free electrons in the material increases, influencing its conductivity . Therefore, such vacancies could also be considered as n ‐type dopants.…”

Sulfate‐Assisted Interfacial Engineering for High Yield and Efficiency of Triple Cation Perovskite Solar Cells with Alkali‐Doped TiO2 Electron‐Transporting Layers

“…The doping chemistry is one of the most effective and facile methods to modify the electronic band structures and surface states of the ETL simultaneously. Thus far, doping of ETLs such as Nb‐doped TiO 2 , La‐doped TiO 2 and Mg‐doped TiO 2 have been studied in PSCs. Further, the mesoporous anatase TiO 2 film doped with lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) has shown a promising device performance with low hysteresis and facilitates faster electron injection and transport within the mesoporous TiO 2 material .…”

“…Further, the mesoporous anatase TiO 2 film doped with lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) has shown a promising device performance with low hysteresis and facilitates faster electron injection and transport within the mesoporous TiO 2 material . It has been suggested that the Li‐doping in mesoporous TiO 2 layers induces a partial reduction of Ti 4+ to Ti 3+ and passivates defect states of TiO 2 ETL which results in a reduction of nonradiative recombination centers . The Li‐doping of ETLs (planar and mesoporous) has shown a promising strategy to further improve the device performance.…”

Highly crystalline Nb-doped TiO2 nanospindles as superior electron transporting materials for high-performance planar structured perovskite solar cells

“…For instance, by using yttrium 17 doped TiO 2 as compact layer, the charge extraction process was improved and the planar PSC device achieved a high PCE of 19.3%. Up to now, magnesium, 18 lithium or sodium, [19][20][21][22] samarium, 23 lanthanum, 24 tantalum, 25 uorine, 26 thallium, 27 and other metal [28][29][30] doped TiO 2 have been attempted in perovskite solar cells. Niobium-doped TiO 2 (Nb:TiO 2 ) has been tremendous used in transparent conductive oxides (TCOs), 31 photocatalysis, 32,33 lithium and sodium ion batteries, 34,35 dyesensitized solar cells (DSSCs).…”