Spray deposition of Polyethylenimine thin films for the fabrication of fully-sprayed organic photodiodes

Falco, Aniello; Zaidi, Asheque M.; Lugli, Paolo; Abdellah, Alaa

doi:10.1016/j.orgel.2015.05.003

Cited by 30 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The comparison of the JV characteristics clearly shows a substantial difference in the dark current (more than two orders of magnitude), associated with an overall instability in time, which is reflected in the noisy and irregular shape of the characteristic curve. On the other hand, the characteristic curve of the photodiode with the PEI layer is well aligned to photodetectors obtained with similar material stacks [24,25,26,36]. Finally, Figure 7 shows the EQE under a bias of −4 V of such a device, which results in being essentially flat in the wavelength range between 400 nm and 600 nm, with a maximum value of 70%.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 66%

“…The measured work function of the Ag line, however, is too high (~4.4 eV) for the realization of functioning photodiodes and has to be lowered throughout the use of a PEI thin film, as reported in the past in literature [22,23]. Nevertheless, since the spin-coating of a PEI layer might affect the functionality of the whole printed systems, it has been necessary to realize it on a definite area via spray-deposition throughout a stencil, using the parameters developed and validated in [24]. Subsequent to the deposition of the PEI film, a 700 nm thick P3HT:PCBM film as an active layer has been sprayed, followed by a 50 nm thick hole injection layer and a 300 nm thick PEDOT:PSS anode.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PEI, P3HT:PCBM and PEDOT:PSS were spray deposited at a nozzle-to-sample distance of 15 cm, with a substrate temperature of 60 °C, 120 °C and 100 °C, respectively, with an atomization pressure of 0.5 bar, 1 bar and 1 bar, respectively. These parameters were chosen as optimal in terms of roughness and substrate coverage, based on the results of previous works [24,25]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fully Printed Flexible Single-Chip RFID Tag with Light Detection Capabilities

Falco

Salmerón

Loghin

et al. 2017

Sensors

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A printed passive radiofrequency identification (RFID) tag in the ultra-high frequency band for light and temperature monitoring is presented. The whole tag has been manufactured by printing techniques on a flexible substrate. Antenna and interconnects are realized with silver nanoparticles via inkjet printing. A sprayed photodetector performs the light monitoring, whereas temperature measurement comes from an in-built sensor in the silicon RFID chip. One of the advantages of this system is the digital read-out and transmission of the sensors information on the RFID tag that ensures reliability. Furthermore, the use of printing techniques allows large-scale manufacturing and the direct fabrication of the tag on the desired surface. This work proves for the first time the feasibility of the embedment of large-scale organic photodetectors onto inkjet printed RFID tags. Here, we solve the problem of integration of different manufacturing techniques to develop an optimal final sensor system.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fully Printed Flexible Single-Chip RFID Tag with Light Detection Capabilities

Falco

Salmerón

Loghin

et al. 2017

Sensors

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“…[ 37,106 ] Macromolecules such as dendrimers and polymers can be processed from solution using techniques such as aerosol-jet printing, [ 107 ] spin-coating, [ 108 ] inkjet-printing, [ 109,110 ] screen printing, [ 111 ] or spray-coating. [112][113][114][115] …”

Section: Organic Photodiodes (Opds)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic Photodiodes: The Future of Full Color Detection and Image Sensing

et al. 2016

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Major growth in the image sensor market is largely as a result of the expansion of digital imaging into cameras, whether stand-alone or integrated within smart cellular phones or automotive vehicles. Applications in biomedicine, education, environmental monitoring, optical communications, pharmaceutics and machine vision are also driving the development of imaging technologies. Organic photodiodes (OPDs) are now being investigated for existing imaging technologies, as their properties make them interesting candidates for these applications. OPDs offer cheaper processing methods, devices that are light, flexible and compatible with large (or small) areas, and the ability to tune the photophysical and optoelectronic properties - both at a material and device level. Although the concept of OPDs has been around for some time, it is only relatively recently that significant progress has been made, with their performance now reaching the point that they are beginning to rival their inorganic counterparts in a number of performance criteria including the linear dynamic range, detectivity, and color selectivity. This review covers the progress made in the OPD field, describing their development as well as the challenges and opportunities.

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“…In our previous works, we demonstrated the preparation of a spray‐coated active layer using low‐bandgap polymers such as poly[[4,8‐bis[(2‐ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b’]dithiophene‐2,6‐diyl][3‐fluoro‐2‐[(2‐ethylhexyl)carbonyl]thieno[3,4‐b]thiophenediyl]] (PTB7) and 2,6‐bis(trimethyltin)‐4,8‐bis(5‐(2‐ethylhexyl)thiophen‐2‐yl)benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b’]dithiophene (PBDTTT‐C‐T) along with xylene, which is a nonchlorinated solvent with low amounts of volatile organic compounds compared to chlorinated solvents. It has been demonstrated that a polyethylenimine ethoxylated (PEIE)‐based electron transporting layer (ETL) can be prepared by replacing the more toxic 2‐methoxyethanol with eco‐friendly solvents, such as water or ethanol, to allow the use of another electron selective layer such as zinc oxide (ZnO) . There has been no progress in the production of a full spray polymeric device; indeed, in the work of Zhang et al, only two layers (PAL and hole transporting layer [HTL]) are reported in the direct structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indium Tin Oxide–Based Fully Spray‐Coated Inverted Solar Cells with Nontoxic Solvents: The Role of Buffer Layer Interface on Low‐Bandgap Photoactive Layer Performance

et al. 2019

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In bulk heterojunction solar cells, the morphology of the interfaces between the photoactive layer (PAL) and charge transporting layers during the deposition process plays a key role in achieving high‐efficiency devices. Herein, an inverted fully spray‐coated solar cell fabricated on an indium tin oxide (ITO)‐glass substrate is presented. It is demonstrated that a spray‐coated double electron transporting layer composed of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles coated with polyethylenimine ethoxylated (PEIE) improves the morphology of the spray‐coated active layer on top of the spray‐coated cathode. Moreover, focusing on the hole transporting layer and anode, the performance obtained using a commercial poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) blend is compared with a high‐conductive anhydrous PEDOT:PSS (A‐PEDOT) mixed with a commercial PEDOT:PSS (CPP‐105D) as transporting layer. By optimizing the spray deposition of all the layers, a fully scalable spray process is used to produce polymer solar cells with ITO/ZnO/PEIE/poly[[4,8‐bis[(2‐ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b’]dithiophene‐2,6‐diyl] [3‐fluoro‐2‐ [(2‐ethylhexyl)carbonyl] thieno[3,4‐b]thiophenediyl]] (PTB7): [6,6]‐phenyl‐C70‐butyric‐acid‐methyl‐ester (PC70BM)/CPP:A‐PEDOT structure, achieving a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.6%. Such result is significant if compared to a spray‐coated structure with evaporated anode (MoO3‐Ag). In this case (ITO/ZnO/PEIE/PTB7:PCBM/MoO3‐Ag), a power conversion efficiency of 5.5% is obtained.

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Spray deposition of Polyethylenimine thin films for the fabrication of fully-sprayed organic photodiodes

Cited by 30 publications

References 27 publications

Fully Printed Flexible Single-Chip RFID Tag with Light Detection Capabilities

Fully Printed Flexible Single-Chip RFID Tag with Light Detection Capabilities

Organic Photodiodes: The Future of Full Color Detection and Image Sensing

Indium Tin Oxide–Based Fully Spray‐Coated Inverted Solar Cells with Nontoxic Solvents: The Role of Buffer Layer Interface on Low‐Bandgap Photoactive Layer Performance

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