Spray-Dried Porcine Plasma Reduces the Effects of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B on Glucose Transport in Rat Intestine

Abstract

We investigated the intestinal transport of D-glucose (D-Glc) and 3 essential amino acids in a model of intestinal inflammation, and the effects of dietary supplementation with animal plasma proteins on this function. Wistar Lewis rats were fed a diet containing an isonitrogenous amount of milk protein (control group) or a diet supplemented with either spray-dried animal plasma (SDAP) or immunoglobulin concentrate (IC) from porcine plasma, from d 21 of life (weaning) until d 35. On d 30 and 33, rats were challenged intraperitoneally with Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B (SEB; groups SEB, SEB-SDAP, and SEB-IC) and on d 35, brush border membrane vesicles (BBMVs) were prepared and used for transport and binding studies. Administration of SEB reduced D-Glc transport across sodium glucose transporter 1 [SGLT1; 20% reduction in maximal transport rate (Vmax); P < 0.05], without affecting the Michaelis constant (Km). The results from specific phlorizin binding, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry supported the view that the effects of SEB are due to reduced expression of D-Glc transporters in the apical membrane. SEB increased the passive diffusion constant (Kd) for D-Glc 3-fold (P < 0.05). SEB did not affect mediated or passive amino acid fluxes of L-leucine, L-methionine, or L-lysine. Dietary SDAP increased the D-Glc Vmax in the SEB group without affecting the passive component. Changes in d-Glc Vmax due to SEB and to the dietary treatments were correlated with changes in the number of SGLT1 transporters present in the BBMVs (r = 0.9468; P < 0.05). Dietary IC had no observed effect. We estimate that, in rats challenged with SEB, SDAP supplementation can increase glucose absorption by 8-9% during the interdigestive periods.

Regulation of sodium-glucose cotransporter SGLT1 in the intestine of hypertensive rats

“…On the other hand, as both oxidative stress (23) and cytokines (50) gain relevance in the development of hypertension in SHR, and since the activity and expression of SGLTs can be influenced by both factors (21,24), further investigation is also needed to check whether intestinal sugar transport is modulated by a local and/or systemic high production of reactive oxygen species and/or cytokines in hypertensive animals.…”

“…Previous studies in our laboratory have shown a reduction in Na ϩ -dependent D-glucose uptake across jejunal (52) and ileal (43,51) epithelia from SHR compared with WKY rats, thus suggesting that SGLT1 might be linked to arterial hypertension. In addition, it has recently been reported that both oxidative stress status (24) and cytokines (21) are involved in the regulation of Na ϩ -glucose cotransporter, which may be relevant in the pathology of SHR (53,57). Therefore, in the present study we decided to investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of the Na ϩ -glucose transporter in arterial hypertension, and we evaluated the kinetic parameters of SGLT1-mediated sugar transport and measured protein and mRNA levels of this cotransporter in the jejunum and ileum of hypertensive rats.…”

Oral plasma proteins attenuate gut inflammatory effects induced by S. aureus enterotoxin B challenge in rats

“…Plasma supplement preparations, using either SDP (full plasma) or immunoglobulin-rich plasma protein fractions (PPF), can attenuate the SEBinduced activation of gut-associated lymphoid tissue in young animals (GALT; Pérez-Bosque et al, 2004. They can also prevent, in part, the SEB-induced increase in epithelial permeability (Pérez-Bosque et al, 2006) and the SEB-induced reduction in D-glucose maximal transport (Garriga et al, 2005). These results indicate that plasma protein supplements can modulate the degree of activation of GALT, as well as intestinal function and structure.…”

Uso do plasma spray dried na dieta de suínos para prevenção da circovirose suína e doenças associadas

“…Recentemente foram publicados resultados de vários experimentos (PÉREZ-BOSQUE et al, 2004, 2008a, 2008bGARRIGA et al, 2005) SEB aumentou as citocinas pró-inflamatórias (IL-6, IFN-γ e TNF-α) tanto no GALT organizado (placas de Peyer) quanto no difuso (linfócitos e lâmina própria da mucosa).…”

“…Ao medir a expressão do transportador intestinal 1 de sódio-glicose (SGLT1) em ratos, Garriga et al (2005) encerrado. Foi fornecida ração crescimento I por 14 dias, contendo antibióticos em doses preventivas (ração "lanche" ou "choque"), seguida por mais 14 dias com a mesma ração, porém sem antibióticos.…”